Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO): a new attractive target to decrease cardiovascular risk

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the greatest disease burdens and takes the lives of many each year. There are many risk factors both modifiable and non-modifiable which contribute to the onset and progression of the disease. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in recent years has been found to have a correlation with CVD onset. Those with increased levels of the metabolite have a markedly increased risk of future development of cardiometabolic disorders.This literature review aimed to critique past studies undertaken to find a consensus of the significance of the interrelationship between TMAO and cardiovascular risk. A definite link between TMAO levels and a CVD outcome was found. The majority of the literature stated the relationship with evidence; however, there is still some uncertainty as to why and how the correlation occurs. Further study needs to be done to further dissect and understand the relationship between TMAO and CVD risk.

Association of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) with the Clinical Severity of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Acne Inversa)

“…TMAO is one of the most intensively studied gut-microbiome-derived metabolites in recent years [68] due to its association with an increased cardiometabolic risk [1]. TMA is produced by the gut microbiota from dietary carnitine, choline, and lecithin, and TMAO is the product of oxygenation of TMA in the liver by flavin-containing monooxygenase 3.…”

“…Trimethyilamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut-derived metabolite that depends on the function of the intestinal barrier and is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and mortality [1]. Besides the gut microbiota, circulating TMAO levels are determined by many factors, such as age, gender, and dietary nutrients [2].…”

Dataset on cardiac structural and functional parameters in TMAO-challenged mouse

“… The dataset serves as a resource for the development of targeted interventions by elucidating the cardiotoxic effects of TMAO. It aids in the identification of therapeutic targets [4] , contributing to the advancement of precision medicine in cardiovascular disease prevention and management [5] . …”

Alterations of the gut microbiome and metabolic profile in CVB3-induced mice acute viral myocarditis

“…Furthermore, a growing body of evidence uncovers that gut microbiota produce plenty of metabolites, some of which are biologically active in systemic circulation and play an important role in host [ 9 , 10 ]. For example, gut microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) promotes atherosclerosis, participates in the pathologic processes of heart failure (HF) and Cardiovascular disease (CVD) [ 11 , 12 ]. In addition, it has been reported that microbiota derived short chain fatty acids (SCFA) protects against cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, vascular dysfunction, and hypertension [ 13 ].…”