Trimethylamine Oxide (TMAO): A New Toxic Kid on the Block

Subramaniam, Saravanan

doi:10.4172/2167-7956.1000e159

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…TMAO can regulate and differentiate monocytes into foam cells and macrophages. TMAO can initiate profibrotic processes in the heart and kidneys by transforming the phospho-SMAD3 growth factor- β signaling axis [ 20 , 34 ]. The association of all these complex cellular mechanisms accelerates atherosclerosis and thrombotic vascular disease and leads to secondary renal insufficiency [ 35 ].…”

Section: Microbiome Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of the Intestinal Microbiota in Diagnosing the Progression of Diabetes and the Presence of Cardiovascular Complications

Leustean

Ciocoiu

Sava

et al. 2018

Journal of Diabetes Research

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The prevalence of diabetes is steadily rising, and once it occurs, it can cause multiple complications with a negative impact on the whole organism. Complications of diabetes may be macrovascular: such as stroke and ischemic heart disease as well as peripheral vascular and microvascular diseases—retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Key factors that cause cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes include hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, autonomic dysfunction, and decreased vascular response capacity. Microbes can be considered a complex endocrine system capable of ensuring the proper functioning of the body but are also responsible for the development of numerous pathologies (diabetes, coronary syndromes, peripheral arterial disease, neoplasia, Alzheimer's disease, and hepatic steatosis). Changes in the intestinal microbiota may influence the host's sensitivity to insulin, body weight, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Dysbiosis causes activation of proinflammatory mechanisms, metabolic toxicity, and insulin resistance. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial organic compound generated by the large intestine, and its concentration increases in the blood after ingestion of foods rich in L-carnitine and choline, such as red meat, eggs, and fish. The interest for TMAO in cardiometabolic research has recently emerged, given the preclinical evidence that reveals a link between TMAO, diabetes, and cardiovascular complications. Intestinal microbiota can be modulated by changing one's lifestyle but also by antibiotic, probiotic, prebiotic, and fecal transplantation. The purpose of this article is to highlight issues related to the involvement of microbiota and trimethylamine N-oxide in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Better appreciation of the interactions between food intake and intestinal floral-mediated metabolism can provide clinical insights into the definition of individuals with diabetic risk and cardiometabolic disease as well as potential therapeutic targets for reducing the risk of progression of the disease.

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Section: Microbiome Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of the Intestinal Microbiota in Diagnosing the Progression of Diabetes and the Presence of Cardiovascular Complications

Leustean

Ciocoiu

Sava

et al. 2018

Journal of Diabetes Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…78 TMAO could aggravate cardiovascular and brain aging by increasing oxidative stress and endothelial cell senescence. 37,79 In addition, evidence of a correlation has been shown between elevated plasma TMAO levels with CV condition, small vessel disease, 80,81 and post-stroke induced cognitive impairment. 82 High plasma TMAO concentrations could be a risk factor for these health conditions.…”

Section: Papermentioning

confidence: 99%