Trinitro‐orcinolate and Trinitro‐resorcinate – Sensitivity Trends in Nitroaromatic Energetic Materials**

Abstract

5‐Methyl‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene‐1,3‐diol (trinitro‐orcinol, H2TNO) as a close structural relative to the well‐known energetic materials trinitroresorcinol (styphnic acid) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) is prepared in high purity and analyzed concerning its vapor pressure using the transpiration method. Several energetic coordination compounds (ECCs) of its respective anion were produced and compared with structurally close styphnate complexes to give an insight into physiochemical trends of the ECC. The synthesized compounds were further analyzed by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and low temperature X‐ray diffraction analysis. To classify the reported compounds among the energetic materials, they were tested for their sensitivities towards mechanical stimuli such as impact, friction and electrostatic discharge as well as their behavior towards flame.

Synthesis of a novel fused thieno‐pyrimidine with tetrazole analogs

“…Furthermore, tetrazole-based medications are particularly efficient in the treatment of dead illnesses such as cancer and AIDS [18][19][20]. Moreover, tetrazoles and their derivatives have been found to have a variety of biological properties, including the ability to reduce hypertension [21], fight cancer [22], inhibit fungal growth [23], reduce inflammation [24], and produce explosive effects [25]. A thorough investigation has been conducted on this structural framework which consists of one carbon atom and four nitrogen atoms [26].…”

Sublimation and Vaporization Enthalpies of Niclosamide: Application of Transpiration Method and Thermogravimetric Analysis

“…A significant advantage of the transpiration method is that impurities have a relatively small effect on the measured vapor pressures, which increases the accuracy of the results obtained . Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, denoted as TG and DSC, respectively, are used to study low volatile compounds and also have a number of advantages: they require a relatively small sample for measurements, have short experimental times, and the commercial setup is easy to operate. , The above methods are widely applied to study bioactive and medicinal compounds. , …”

“…8,9 The above methods are widely applied to study bioactive and medicinal compounds. 10,11 Niclosamide (5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide), hereinafter NCL, belongs to the group of benzamides and is an anthelmintic drug for humans and animals. 12 The molecular structure of the compound is listed in Figure 1.…”

Single Step Synthesis of gem-Dinitro Methyl-1,2,4-triazole and Its Hydroxylamine Salt: An Alternative to the FOX-7 and Other Benchmark Explosives

“…Energetic materials, including propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics, have been crucial in defense, military, and civilian construction for centuries, following the discovery of nitro-glycerine. , The exploration and study of novel energetic materials remain among the most captivating domains in both synthetic inorganic and organic chemistry, as evidenced by the consistently growing literature in recent years. , Of particular interest is the chemistry of nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic materials, including triazoles and tetrazoles. , Among all five-membered heterocyclic rings, energetic material researchers have dedicated significant attention to making new derivatives from triazoles due to their straightforward synthesis and the potential for substitution at two free carbon atoms. − Consequently, extensive research has been conducted in this area, leading to the synthesis of several nitromethyl-triazoles and also various other explosophoric group (−NO 2 , −N 3 , −NHNO 2 , etc.) substitutions. , These high-energy heterocycles possess a combination of characteristics crucial for effective explosive materials, including high heats of formation and dense crystal structures. , Additionally, due to their low carbon and hydrogen content, these compounds exhibit favorable oxygen balances. , The energy characteristics of these materials not only impact their performance but also influence their stability and sensitivity. − Molecular structure, elemental composition, and crystalline phases are key factors in determining the detonation performance and mechanical sensitivities of energetic materials .…”