Triphenyltin compounds and their degradation products

Böck, Rudolf

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5877-3

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…6 The same biochemical mechanisms might also be responsible for acute TPhTinduced encephalopathy in humans. Peripheral nerve involvement in TPhT intoxication has not been well described,7 but lower limb parathesias in the previous human cases and paralysis in the hind limbs of guinea pigs6 were evidence of the existence of TPhTinduced polyneuropathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute triphenyltin intoxication: a case report.

Chang

Chiu

1990

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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A 23 year old male developed abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and vomiting several hours after poisoning with acute triphenyltin intoxication in a suicide attempt. Severe ataxia, dysmetria, nystagmus, and blurring of vision soon supervened. Disturbance of consciousness and confusion developed 12 days later and lasted for two months. A delayed sensorimotor polyneuropathy was shown by electrophysiological studies to be due to axonal degeneration and demyelination. The neuropathy rapidly recovered after consciousness was regained.Organotins are widely used in agricultural practice for their bactericidal, antiparasitic, fungicidal and molluscicidal properties. The neurotoxicity of triethyltin and trimethyltin has already been recognised in both human cases and animal studies."l Triphenyltin (TPhT) The patient became confused and occasionally semicomatous after the fifth day in hospital. A follow up EEG on 18 November revealed a moderate slowing of background activity (4-6 Hz) with periodic paroxysmal generalised spikes or sharp waves, recurring every 1-2 seconds (fig lb). A lack of definite diagnosis indicated preference for conservative treatment only.The patient gradually regained consciousness two months after admission. In late December 1986, a crucial piece of information was obtained: the patient had attempted suicide using a molluscicidal agent. Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed this agent to be triphenyltin compound. In early January 1987 the patient began to improve. There was no more nystagmus. Moderate weakness in the lower limbs with mild wasting in the small foot muscles was found; the tendon reflexes were absent in the lower limbs and hypoactive in the upper. A detailed evaluation of sensory function was impossible. Motor conduction velocities were reduced: median nerve in the left 45-7 ms, ulnar nerve 45-2 ms, peroneal nerve 29-9 ms, posterior tibial nerve 33-7 ms. Sensory conduction velocities were also slowed: left median nerve 46-8 ms, ulnar nerve 37-8 ms, sural nerve 32-6 ms. Motor and sensory action potential (MAP and SAP) amplitudes were severely decreased: peroneal nerve MAP 0 5 mV, posterior tibial nerve MAP 4-5 mV, and sural nerve SAP 5 uV. Electromyography of the small muscles of the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Different organotins cause different toxic syndromes. Reasons for such a discrepancy are worthy of further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute triphenyltin intoxication: a case report.

Chang

Chiu

1990

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…Triphenyltin (TPT) compounds are used worldwide as agricultural fungicides. The most important field of application is the control of blight in root crops such as sugar beets and potatoes, but they are also used on celery, carrots, onions, rice, pecan nuts, hops, coffee, and peanuts [1]. Its widespread agricultural use has resulted in the contamination of aquatic environments either through direct application (e.g., rice fields) or indirectly by runoff into ditches, temporary pools, and lakes during rainfall events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Routine spraying on a potato field resulted in TPT concentrations of 1.5 to 2.7 μg/L in an adjacent ditch. Depending on how often these routine sprayings are taking place, and on the persistence of TPT in the aquatic environment, TPT can have a strong effect on fish and other aquatic organisms such as mosquito larvae, dragonfly larvae, and snails [1]. For sensitive fish species like Pime phales promelas , a mean lethal concentration (LC50) (96 h) is 7.1 μg/L [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of triphenyltin and pH on the growth and development of Rana lessonae and Rana esculenta tadpoles

Fioramonti

Semlitsch

Reyer

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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We tested the s sceptibility of parental (Rana lessonae) and hemiclonal hybrid tadpoles of the R. esculenta complex to triphenyltin (TPT), a fungicide commonly used in agriculture, at renewed concentrations of 0.11, 0.81, and 1.87 μg/L over the entire larval period. Because habitats of R. lessonae are often characterized by a low pH and disturbed habitats such as gravel pits by high pH, we also tested whether pH 6.4 or pH 8.1 modifies their susceptibility to triphenyltin. We measured survival to metamorphosis, body mass at day 30, body mass at metamorphosis, and time to metamorphosis of individually reared tadpoles. Crosses of R. lessonae males with R. lessonae females and with two hemiclones of R. esculenta females produced tadpoles of R. lessonae, R. esculenta (GUT1) and R. esculenta (GUT2). At increasing triphenyltin concentrations, survival and growth rate decreased and time to metamorphosis increased. The GUT1 larvae of R. esculenta were the least and larvae of R. lessonae the most sensitive. The GUT2 larvae of R. esculenta were intermediate in sensitivity. The effect of pH also depended on the genotype. Tadpoles of R. lessonae had a higher growth rate and a shorter larval period at pH 6.4. The pH effect on tadpoles of R. esculenta was slight, but growth rate was lower and larval period longer at pH 6.4. Because TPT most strongly affected the larval period, exposure to TPT could decrease survival in natural ponds because of the increased risk of predation in permanent ponds or desiccation in drying ponds as well as the increased risk of additional chemical exposure. Our results indicate that the sexual parental species R. lessonae is more sensitive to environmental chemicals such as triphenyltin than is the hemiclonal hybrid R. esculenta.

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