This work reports the analysis of mercury using a spectrofluorometric
method combined with a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system.
This method is based on the measurement of fluorescence intensity
of carbon dots (CDs), which is quenched proportionally after adding
mercury ions. Herein, the CDs underwent environmentally friendly synthesis
using a microwave-assisted approach that provides intensive and efficient
energy and shortens reaction time. After irradiation at 750 W for
5 min in a microwave oven, a dark brown CD solution with a concentration
of 2.7 mg mL–1 was obtained. The properties of the
CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray
diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform
infrared spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectrometry. We presented
for the first time the use of CDs as a specific reagent for the determination
of mercury in skincare products with the SIA system to achieve rapid
analysis and full automatic control. The as-prepared CD stock solution
was diluted 10 times and used as a reagent in the SIA system. Excitation
and emission wavelengths at 360 and 452 nm, respectively, were used
to construct a calibration curve. Physical parameters affecting the
SIA performance were optimized. In addition, the effect of pH and
other ions was investigated. Under the optimum conditions, our method
showed a linear range from 0.3 to 600 mg L–1 with
an R
2 of 0.99. The limit of detection
was 0.1 mg L–1. Relative standard deviation was
1.53% (n = 12) with a high sample throughput of 20
samples per hour. Finally, the accuracy of our method was validated
by comparison using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Acceptable recoveries were also presented without a significant matrix
effect. This method was also the first time that uses the untreated
CDs for the determination of mercury(II) in skincare products. Therefore,
this method could be an alternative for mercuric toxic control in
other sample applications.