Triple Loss of Function of Protein Phosphatases Type 2C Leads to Partial Constitutive Response to Endogenous Abscisic Acid

Rubio, Silvia; Rodrigues, Américo; Saéz, Ángela; Dizon, Marie B.; Gallé, Alexander; Kim, Tae‐Houn; Santiago, Julia; Flexas, Jaume; Schroeder, Julian I.; Rodriguez, Pedro L.

doi:10.1104/pp.109.137174

Cited by 278 publications

(275 citation statements)

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“…ABA perception recruits an ABA-binding REGULATORY COMPONENT OF ABA RECEPTOR (RCAR)/PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 (PYR1)/PYR1-LIKE (PYL) and an associated protein phosphatase of type 2C (PP2C) (18,19). Administration of ABA and ABA agonists (20,21), ectopic expression of RCARs (17,18,(22)(23)(24), as well as reduced expression of PP2Cs (25) have been shown to minimize plant transpiration and, in some cases, to enhance survival under water deficit. It is clear that plants with strongly reduced transpiration are limited in CO 2 uptake and, hence, in growth and biomass formation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Leveraging abscisic acid receptors for efficient water use in Arabidopsis

Yang

Liu

Tischer

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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Plant growth requires the influx of atmospheric CO 2 through stomatal pores, and this carbon uptake for photosynthesis is inherently associated with a large efflux of water vapor. Under water deficit, plants reduce transpiration and are able to improve carbon for water exchange leading to higher water use efficiency (WUE). Whether increased WUE can be achieved without trade-offs in plant growth is debated. The signals mediating the WUE response under water deficit are not fully elucidated but involve the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). ABA is perceived by a family of related receptors known to mediate acclimation responses and to reduce transpiration. We now show that enhanced stimulation of ABA signaling via distinct ABA receptors can result in plants constitutively growing at high WUE in the model species Arabidopsis. WUE was assessed by three independent approaches involving gravimetric analyses, 13 C discrimination studies of shoots and derived cellulose fractions, and by gas exchange measurements of whole plants and individual leaves. Plants expressing the ABA receptors RCAR6/PYL12 combined up to 40% increased WUE with high growth rates, i.e., are water productive. Water productivity was associated with maintenance of net carbon assimilation by compensatory increases of leaf CO 2 gradients, thereby sustaining biomass acquisition. Leaf surface temperatures and growth potentials of plants growing under well-watered conditions were found to be reliable indicators for water productivity. The study shows that ABA receptors can be explored to generate more plant biomass per water transpired, which is a prime goal for a more sustainable water use in agriculture.carbon assimilation | drought resistance | water deficit | water productivity | water use efficiency P lants are ferocious consumers of water, and plant transpiration is the dominant vector for water mobilization from terrestrial surfaces to the atmosphere (1). Plant transpiration is sustained by efficient water uptake through the root systems, which can comprise 500 m 2 of root surface and 500 km in combined length even in a single barley plant. Water is the major factor limiting crop productivity in the field (2). Thus, more than two-thirds of the fresh water resources used globally are channeled into agriculture, thereby contributing to potential social conflicts over water (3).Whereas the gas exchange of CO 2 and water vapor at the stomatal pore is a physical process controlled by both the ratio in partial pressure gradients and gas diffusivities (4, 5), terrestrial plants are able to capture carbon more efficiently under water deficit. Both short-term leaf gas exchange measurements and 13 C isotope discrimination analyses revealed increases of the instantaneous water use efficiency (insWUE) and intrinsic WUE (iWUE), respectively, by a factor of 1.5-2.5 in wheat and other species (6, 7). The underlying mechanisms, however, are not fully elucidated. Gains in WUE have been found to be associated with trade-offs in growth potential (8-10). WUE is control...

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confidence: 99%

Leveraging abscisic acid receptors for efficient water use in Arabidopsis

Yang

Liu

Tischer

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

141

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“…2). Previous gas-exchange experiments have also found that the mutants of the ABA signaling module have high g st (abi1-1 and abi1-2 [Leymarie et al, 1998a[Leymarie et al, , 1998b; aba1, abi1-1, and abi2-1 [Assmann et al, 2000]; and abi1-1, abi1-2, and ost1-3 [Xue et al, 2011]), whereas the reduced g st of triple lossof-function PP2C mutants (hab1-1abi1-2pp2ca-1 and hab1-1abi1-2abi2-2) and ABA catabolism mutants (cyp707a1 and cyp707a3) was detected previously by Rubio et al (2009) ; and ost1-3 [Xue et al, 2011]). Earlier and more recent studies indicated that at least part of the stomatal responses to CO 2 and light depend on signals generated by the mesophyll (Lee and Bowling, 1992;Mott et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PYR/RCAR Receptors Contribute to Ozone-, Reduced Air Humidity-, Darkness-, and CO2-Induced Stomatal Regulation

et al. 2013

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Rapid stomatal closure induced by changes in the environment, such as elevation of CO2, reduction of air humidity, darkness, and pulses of the air pollutant ozone (O3), involves the SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1). SLAC1 is activated by OPEN STOMATA1 (OST1) and Ca2+-dependent protein kinases. OST1 activation is controlled through abscisic acid (ABA)-induced inhibition of type 2 protein phosphatases (PP2C) by PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE/REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTOR (PYR/RCAR) receptor proteins. To address the role of signaling through PYR/RCARs for whole-plant steady-state stomatal conductance and stomatal closure induced by environmental factors, we used a set of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants defective in ABA metabolism/signaling. The stomatal conductance values varied severalfold among the studied mutants, indicating that basal ABA signaling through PYR/RCAR receptors plays a fundamental role in controlling whole-plant water loss through stomata. PYR/RCAR-dependent inhibition of PP2Cs was clearly required for rapid stomatal regulation in response to darkness, reduced air humidity, and O3. Furthermore, PYR/RCAR proteins seem to function in a dose-dependent manner, and there is a functional diversity among them. Although a rapid stomatal response to elevated CO2 was evident in all but slac1 and ost1 mutants, the bicarbonate-induced activation of S-type anion channels was reduced in the dominant active PP2C mutants abi1-1 and abi2-1. Further experiments with a wider range of CO2 concentrations and analyses of stomatal response kinetics suggested that the ABA signalosome partially affects the CO2-induced stomatal response. Thus, we show that PYR/RCAR receptors play an important role for the whole-plant stomatal adjustments and responses to low humidity, darkness, and O3 and are involved in responses to elevated CO2.

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“…Finally, a chemical genetic approach using a synthetic selective ABA agonist, pyrabactin, made it possible to identify a family of soluble ABA receptors, named PYR/PYL/RCAR for PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1/PYR1-LIKE/ REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTORS, respectively [8,9]. In a convergent approach, yeast-two hybrid screenings [9,10] and in planta interaction studies [11] identified these receptors through their capacity to bind to phosphatases type-2C (PP2Cs), which are key negative regulatory components of the pathway involved in the dephosphorylation of certain sucrose non-fermenting 1-related subfamily 2 (SnRK2) kinases [12,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural insights into PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors and PP2Cs

et al. 2012

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Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an essential function in plant physiology since it is required for biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as control of plant growth and development. A new family of soluble ABA receptors, named PYR/PYL/RCAR, has emerged as ABA sensors able to inhibit the activity of specific protein phosphatases type-2C (PP2Cs) in an ABAdependent manner. The structural and functional mechanism by which ABA is perceived by these receptors and consequently leads to inhibition of the PP2Cs has been recently elucidated. The module PYR/PYL/RCAR-ABA-PP2C offers an elegant and unprecedented mechanism to control phosphorylation signaling cascades in a ligand-dependent manner. The knowledge of their three-dimensional structures paves the way to the design of ABA agonists able to modulate the plant stress response.

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Triple Loss of Function of Protein Phosphatases Type 2C Leads to Partial Constitutive Response to Endogenous Abscisic Acid

Cited by 278 publications

References 49 publications

Leveraging abscisic acid receptors for efficient water use in Arabidopsis

Leveraging abscisic acid receptors for efficient water use in Arabidopsis

PYR/RCAR Receptors Contribute to Ozone-, Reduced Air Humidity-, Darkness-, and CO2-Induced Stomatal Regulation

Structural insights into PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors and PP2Cs

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