Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Clinical and Histological Correlations

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors and the lack of HER2 expression or amplification. Much interest has recently been focused on these triple-negative (TN) subtypes because they may be aggressive and are more likely to recur and metastasize than other subtypes of breast cancer. TNBC accounts for approximately 10–24% of all breast cancer cases, and typically it occurs in younger patients and in patients with BRCA1 mutation. There is a substantial heterogeneity of TNBCs both at the morphological and the molecular level, but there are also common features, such as low tumor grade and accelerated tumor proliferation. Morphologically, TNBC may present as invasive ductal, metaplastic, medullary, apocrine, or other types. Molecularly, they are most frequently associated with a basal phenotype, but there is a distinct subgroup of cancers that are not of basal type and belong to the claudin-low or molecular-apocrine type. The basal phenotype is frequently associated with the loss of BRCA1.

HER2 Amplification and Clinicopathological Characteristics in a Large Asian Cohort of Rare Mucinous Ovarian Cancer

“…Interestingly, a double negative subtype (i.e. HER2− and KRAS−) showed poorer prognosis, similar to the poorer prognosis observed for triple-negative subtype in breast cancer [18], [19]. Further work is needed to determine the double-negative mucinous ovarian cancer subtype in our population.…”

Triple-negative invasive breast cancer on dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR imaging: comparison with other breast cancer subtypes

“…These immunohistochemical subtypes correspond roughly to the molecular subtypes of basal-like, HER2-positive and luminal, respectively [2]. Triplenegative breast cancer, characterized by the lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors and the lack of HER2 expression or amplification and used as a surrogate marker for basallike breast cancer, is a discrete subclass showing aggressive features, both biologically and clinically [5,6,11]. There are few reports on the imaging features of triple-negative cancer.…”

Triple negatif meme kanserinin moleküler temeli

“…Mikrodizin analizlerine göre iki grup arasında %30'dan daha fazla diskordans vardır 14. Tripl negatif terimi ER/PR ve HER-2'nin immunhistokimyasal ölçümüne dayalı iken bazal-like fenotipi cDNA microarray kullanılarak tanımlanır 1,11 . BLMK tüm meme kanserlerinin %16-18'ni, TNMK'nin %75'ni oluşturur 15 . BLMK olgularında ileri grade, artmış mitotik indeks görülür 1,9 .…”

“…BLMK bazal epitelial hücre gen ekspresyon paterni ile ilişkili sitokeratin CK5, CK6, CK14, CK17 ve epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ve az miktarda ER/HER2 eksprese eder 16 . Diğer subtipler ile kıyaslandığında BLMK'inde düşük retinablastoma (Rb), cyclin D1 ve yüksek cyclin 16, p16 mRNA bağlantısının Rb'nin inaktivasyonu ile ilgili olduğunu öne sürmüştür 15 .…”

“…Claudin-low tümörler kök hücre özellikleri, hücre adezyon proteinlerinin düşük ekspresyonu, oldukça fazla epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markırı ile karekterizedir 18 . Bu tip tümörlerde androgen reseptör pozitiftir ve germ-line phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gen mutasyonu görülebilir 15 .…”