Triple-negative breast cancer: current treatment strategies and factors of negative prognosis

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the most common cause of death in working-age women. According to the results of immunohistochemical studies, 10�20% of cases revealed a triple-negative type of breast cancer. This subtype is characterized by significant proliferative activity and growth rate, aggressive clinical course, and early metastasis. This leads to a suspicious prognosis and, accordingly, encourages an increase of surgical treatment radicalism and aggressive systemic treatment. This review briefly analyzes existing treatment strategies for triple-negative breast cancer with a focus on surgical treatment. Surgical treatment is an integral part of complex therapy. Currently, the attention of researchers is focused not only on the radicalism of the operation, ensuring long-term survival, but also on achieving a good cosmetic result that determines the quality of life of patients. In this aspect, organ-preserving and prosthetic methods of operations are promising, the feasibility and effectiveness of which are being discussed. The relevance of choosing the optimal method of operation is evidenced by the lack of generally accepted approaches based on informative markers for the prognosis of the course of the disease. Therefore, the choice of the optimal method of surgical treatment taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient and the tumor, indications for chemotherapy, and radiation therapy remains an unresolved issue and requires further research.

Evolução e desenvolvimento do tratamento farmacológico relativo ao câncer de mama triplo negativo: revisão integrativa

“…A quantidade de cirurgias disponíveis para tratamento é ampla, incluindo a mastectomia radical (RM), que já foi a principal técnica cirúrgica utilizada e, casos de TNBC e outras técnicas. Entretanto, o próprio curso clínico e prognóstico da doença requer algumas táticas oncocirúrgicas mais ativas e um tratamento sistêmico (Baranova et al, 2022).…”

A review of the cost-effectiveness of genetic testing for germline variants in familial cancer

“…Third, information on prognostic markers such as HER2 or triple A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t negative status (additionally provides information about estrogen or progesterone receptors on cancer cells) was not provided in most HBOC studies. Patients with BRCA mutations have a higher likelihood of being triple negative 61 , which may further reduce their long-term survival. Information on triple negative status could therefore explain some of the variation in cost-effectiveness across studies.…”

Exploring the intersectionality of race/ethnicity with rurality on breast cancer outcomes: SEER analysis, 2000–2016

“…When observing odds for late-stage disease, type of treatment, and risk of breast cancer death by ER/PR status, racial/ethnic and urban–rural differences were the smallest for ER-/PR- status. This may be explained largely by women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who fall into this category [ 63 , 64 ]. The lack of available treatments for TNBC means that generally no group—regardless of geographical location or race/ethnicity——can benefit over another from targeted therapies for this subtype [ 65 , 66 ].…”