Triple-Reassortant Swine Influenza A (H1) in Humans in the United States, 2005–2009

Shinde, Vivek; Bridges, Carolyn B.; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Shu, Bo; Balish, Amanda; Xu, Xinhua; Lindstrom, Stephen; Gubareva, Larisa V.; Deyde, Varough; Garten, Rebecca; Harris, Meghan L.; Gerber, Susan I.; Vagasky, Susan; Smith, Forrest; Pascoe, N.; Martin, Karen; Dufficy, Deborah; Ritger, Kathy; Conover, Craig; Quinlisk, Patricia; Klimov, Alexander; Bresee, Joseph S.; Finelli, Lyn

doi:10.1056/nejmoa0903812

Cited by 531 publications

(455 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Shinde et al (2009) reported 11 cases of infection with triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses in persons with exposures to pigs in the USA, before the human epidemic caused by influenza viruses of swine-origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Amorim

Fornells

Reis

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Asymptomatic influenza virus infections in pigs are frequent and the lack of measures for controlling viral spread facilitates the circulation of different virus strains between pigs. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the circulation of influenza A virus strains among asymptomatic piglets in an abattoir in Brazil and discuss the potential public health impacts. Tracheal samples (n = 330) were collected from asymptomatic animals by a veterinarian that also performed visual lung tissue examinations. No slaughtered animals presented with any noticeable macroscopic signs of influenza infection following examination of lung tissues. Samples were then analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction that resulted in the identification of 30 (9%) influenza A positive samples. The presence of asymptomatic pig infections suggested that these animals could facilitate virus dissemination and act as a source of infection for the herd, thereby enabling the emergence of influenza outbreaks associated with significant economic losses. Furthermore, the continuous exposure of the farm and abattoir workers to the virus increases the risk for interspecies transmission. Monitoring measures of swine influenza virus infections and vaccination and monitoring of employees for influenza infection should also be considered. In addition regulatory agencies should consider the public health ramifications regarding the potential zoonotic viral transmission between humans and pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Amorim

Fornells

Reis

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…This divergence has created a substantial antigenic gap between classical swine H1N1 and human seasonal H1N1 viruses. Thus, pigs have become a reservoir of influenza viruses, with the potential to cause an outbreak of major respiratory disease in humans, possibly resulting in a pandemic 13, 20, 21. Genetically, the influenza A virus (pH1N1) is very similar to both the classic swine virus and the North American lineage triple reassortment that has circulated in the United States of subtype H1N1 swine over the past 10 years, occasionally infecting humans during the same period 21, 22…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective serological survey of influenza viruses in backyard pigs from Mexico City

Saavedra‐Montañez¹,

Carrera-Aguirre²,

Castillo‐Juárez³

et al. 2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundIn the present study, we analyzed the presence of antibodies to four different influenza viruses (pH1N1, hH1N1, swH1N1, and swH3N2) in the sera of 2094 backyard pigs from Mexico City. The sera were obtained between 2000 and 2009.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the 2000–2009 period to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against pH1N1, hH1N1, swH1N1, and swH3N2 viruses in sera obtained from backyard pigs in Mexico City.MethodsAntibody detection was conducted with hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI) using four influenza viruses. We used linear regression to analyze the tendency of antibody serum titers throughout the aforementioned span.ResultsWe observed that the antibody titers for the pH1N1, swH1N1, and swH3N2 viruses tended to diminish over the study period, whereas the antibodies to hH1N1 remained at low prevalence for the duration of the years analyzed in this study. A non‐significant correlation (P > 0·05) between antibody titers for pH1N1 and swH1N1 viruses was observed (0·04). It contrasts with the significance of the correlation (0·43) observed between the swH1N1 and swH3N2 viruses (P < 0·01).ConclusionsOur findings showed no cross‐antigenicity in the antibody response against the same subtype. Antibodies against pH1N1 virus were observed throughout the 10‐year study span, implying that annual strains shared some common features with the pH1N1 virus since 2000, which would then be capable of supporting the ongoing presence of these antibodies.

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“…Ces pandémies sont secondaires à la diffusion, dans une population immunologiquement naïve, d'une souche virale modifiée par des cassures antigéniques secondaires à des réassor-timents de segments viraux d'un virus de sous-type A humain avec ceux d'un virus animal le plus souvent d'origine aviaire ou porcine [3][4][5][6]. Le potentiel létal chez l'homme de ce virus recombiné est variable.…”

Section: Vaccins Pandémiques Et Pré-pandémiques Dirigés Contre Le Virunclassified

“…Ces vaccins induisent une bonne réponse immunitaire mais ils sont moins bien tolérés, en raison de la présence d'une enveloppe lipidique à leur surface [28]. 6 www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/pandemic/en/ [37]. Enfin, l'utilisation d'un autre virus aviaire non pathogène pour l'homme (comme H5N3) pourrait constituer une alternative intéressante par l'induction d'une immunogénicité croisée [38].…”

Section: Vaccins à Virions Entiersunclassified

Vaccins pandémiques et prépandémiques dirigés contre le virus grippal H5N1

Loulergue

Launay

2009

Med Sci (Paris)

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Triple-Reassortant Swine Influenza A (H1) in Humans in the United States, 2005–2009

Cited by 531 publications

References 33 publications

Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Retrospective serological survey of influenza viruses in backyard pigs from Mexico City

Vaccins pandémiques et prépandémiques dirigés contre le virus grippal H5N1

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