Triplet combination of gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and carboplatin followed by maintenance 5‐fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the association between diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) and risk factors or early symptoms amenable to population‐based screening. Methods: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of risk factors for PD. Results: The strongest associations with later diagnosis of PD were found for having a first‐degree or any relative with PD (odds ratio [OR], 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.65–3.93 and OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 3.39–5.83) or any relative with tremor (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.10–3.57), constipation (relative risk [RR], 2.34; 95% CI, 1.55–3.53), or lack of smoking history (current vs never: RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.39–0.50), each at least doubling the risk of PD. Further positive significant associations were found for history of anxiety or depression, pesticide exposure, head injury, rural living, beta‐blockers, farming occupation, and well‐water drinking, and negative significant associations were found for coffee drinking, hypertension, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, calcium channel blockers, and alcohol, but not for diabetes mellitus, cancer, oral contraceptive pill use, surgical menopause, hormone replacement therapy, statins, acetaminophen/paracetamol, aspirin, tea drinking, history of general anesthesia, or gastric ulcers. In the systematic review, additional associations included negative associations with raised serum urate, and single studies or studies with conflicting results. Interpretation: The strongest risk factors associated with later PD diagnosis are having a family history of PD or tremor, a history of constipation, and lack of smoking history. Further factors also but less strongly contribute to risk of PD diagnosis or, as some premotor symptoms, require further standardized studies to demonstrate the magnitude of risk associated with them. ANN NEUROL 2012

Adoptive T-cell Transfer and Chemotherapy in the First-line Treatment of Metastatic and/or Locally Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

“…5,6 The first study was a single-arm phase 2 open-label study that enrolled 32 patients with locally recurrent or metastatic NPC who have not received previous palliative chemotherapy to a first-line chemotherapy regimen consisting of six cycles of PGC. 5 When published in 2005, the study reported the highest response rates and OS rates achieved for metastatic NPC at the time.…”

“…Although there is no standard of care for patients with metastatic disease, 4 the combination of gemcitabine, carboplatin, and paclitaxel chemotherapy generates one of the highest response and OS rates among palliative regimen. 5,6 Up to date, targeted agents have not been shown to significantly improve clinical outcomes, 7,8,9 and their role in the treatment of NPC currently remains limited.…”

Prognostic Factors on Overall Survival of Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

“…Accordingly, aggressive treatments for patients with a poorer prognosis are necessary. Chemotherapy remains the main therapeutic approach for metastatic NPC, with a number of reports confirming of its efficacy (Siu et al, 1998;Leong et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2013). However, the median survival was short, and there was no randomized study that compared palliative chemotherapy versus other palliative care.…”

“…Besides, the role of chemotherapy is well established for Jia-Xin Li 1, 2 , Shao-Min Huang 1 , Bi-Xiu Wen 2 , Tai-Xiang Lu 1 * metastatic NPC, but the objective response is still far from satisfied (Ngan et al, 2002;Chan et al, 2005;Leong et al, 2008). As NPC is highly sensitive to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, whether local palliative radiotherapy for nasopharynx and metastatic tumors will provide additive value for overall survival when micro metastases are under control is a question worthy of consideration.…”

MiR-1204 sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to paclitaxel bothin vitroandin vivo

“…Paclitaxel is one of the widely used chemotherapeutic agents against many types of human cancers, 3,4 and has also been used for advanced NPC. [5][6][7][8] Although patients with advanced NPC benefit from paclitaxel-based combined chemotherapy, treatment failure often occurs due to development of acquired paclitaxel resistance. Thus, it is important to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of paclitaxel resistance in NPC cells.…”