Triploidy and chromosomes

Uchida, Irene A.; Freeman, Viola

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(85)90426-0

Cited by 106 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In natural conception, it has been reported that triploid embryos may proceed to term, and result in a liveborn child (Uchida and Freeman, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of human embryonic stem cell lines derived from zygotes with normal and abnormal pronuclei

Qin¹,

Gao²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Developmental Dynamics

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Human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines have been derived from normally or abnormally fertilized zygotes. However, the similar and different properties of these two types of hES cell lines are not well-known. To address this question, we generated nine hES cell lines from zygotes containing normal (2PN) and abnormal (0PN, 1PN, 3PN) pronuclei. A side-by-side comparison showed that all cell lines exhibited distinct identity and karyotypical stability. They expressed similar ''stemness'' markers and alkaline phosphatase activity and differentiated into three embryonic germ lineages in embryoid bodies and teratomas. Under neural differentiation-promoting conditions, they were directed into neural progenitors and neurons. However, a variation in cell cycle and the relative abundance of gene expression of undifferentiated and differentiated markers were observed. These variations were also seen among individually derived normal hES cell lines. Thus, normal hES cell lines can be developed from fertilized zygotes with abnormal pronuclei usually excluded from clinical use. Developmental Dynamics 239:425-438,

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“…In natural conception, it has been reported that triploid embryos may proceed to term, and result in a liveborn child (Uchida and Freeman, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of human embryonic stem cell lines derived from zygotes with normal and abnormal pronuclei

Qin¹,

Gao²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Unreduced sperm, however, appear to play a minor role in polyploidization in animals, perhaps because diploid sperm are rarely successful in competition with reduced sperm (see Reference 3 for an exception). Polyspermy is also known in plants and animals and is, for example, the most common mechanism leading to human triploids (119), which comprise ∼1-3% of conceptions (80). Ramsey & Schemske (99) estimate that autotetraploid plants are formed at a rate on the order of 10 −5 per individual per generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploid Incidence and Evolution

Otto

Whitton²

2000

Annu. Rev. Genet.

2,088

1,922

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Changes in ploidy occurred early in the diversification of some animal and plant lineages and represent an ongoing phenomenon in others. While the prevalence of polyploid lineages indicates that this phenomenon is a common and successful evolutionary transition, whether polyploidization itself has a significant effect on patterns and rates of diversification remains an open question. Here we review evidence for the creative role of polyploidy in evolution. We present new estimates for the incidence of polyploidy in ferns and flowering plants based on a simple model describing transitions between odd and even base chromosome numbers. These new estimates indicate that ploidy changes may represent from 2 to 4% of speciation events in flowering plants and 7% in ferns. Speciation via polyploidy is likely to be one of the more predominant modes of sympatric speciation in plants, owing to its potentially broad-scale effects on gene regulation and developmental processes, effects that can produce immediate shifts in morphology, breeding system, and ecological tolerances. Theoretical models support the potential for increased adaptability in polyploid lineages. The evidence suggests that polyploidization can produce shifts in genetic systems and phenotypes that have the potential to result in increased evolutionary diversification, yet conclusive evidence that polyploidy has changed rates and patterns of diversification remains elusive.

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“…Early studies, based on the analysis of cytogenetic polymorphisms, suggested a clear predominance of diandric cases. [7][8][9] More recent studies, based on the molecular analysis of microsatellite markers, clearly indicate that triploidies of maternal origin are far more frequent than those of paternal origin in foetuses with gestational ages of 10 weeks or more. 5,10 Reasons for the discrepancies could be first of all related to the different methods used for ascertaining the parental origin of the triploidies; indeed, the use of molecular markers as opposed to cytogenetic polymorphisms allows a higher degree of accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental origin and mechanisms of formation of triploidy: a study of 25 cases

et al. 2000

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Triploidy is one of the most frequently observed chromosome abnormalities in spontaneous abortions in humans. The parental origin of the additional chromosome set is known to have a major impact on the phenotype of the foetuses and to result in differences in size and structure of the placenta. Early studies based on cytogenetic polymorphisms indicated a preponderant diandric origin of the triploidies; such detection method, however, is known to be prone to error. Other studies revealed a predominant digynic origin in cases with longer intrauterine survival. It is now thought that, to some extent, a detection bias in favour of cases with associated partial hydatidiform moles may account for the high incidences of diandric cases reported in some studies. Furthermore, depending on the gestational age of the cases analysed there may indeed be differences in the proportion of diandric and digynic triploidies. We investigated the parental origin and mechanisms of formation of triploidy in a group of 25 probands with gestational ages ranging from 8 to 37 weeks. DNA samples were extracted from foetal material and from blood samples of the parents, and were analysed using microsatellite markers. The parental origin of the triploidies was found to be maternal in 20 cases and paternal in 5. Regarding the digynic cases, an error at meiosis I was inferred in 10 cases, whereas in the other half an error occurred at meiosis II. All five diandric cases included in this study were found to be due to dispermy. No significant differences in the average maternal ages were found amongst the different subgroups of patients. European Journal of Human Genetics (2000) 8, 911-917.

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Triploidy and chromosomes

Cited by 106 publications

References 15 publications

Comparative evaluation of human embryonic stem cell lines derived from zygotes with normal and abnormal pronuclei

Comparative evaluation of human embryonic stem cell lines derived from zygotes with normal and abnormal pronuclei

Polyploid Incidence and Evolution

Parental origin and mechanisms of formation of triploidy: a study of 25 cases

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