Triploidy in Hochstetter's frog,<i>Leiopelma hochstetteri</i>, from New Zealand

Green, David M.; Kezer, James; Nussbaum, Ronald A.

doi:10.1080/03014223.1984.10428261

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Triploidy, on the other hand, is rarer in natural populations, but triploid specimens have already been reported for Rana palustris (Wiley and Braswell 1986), Eupsophus vertebralis (Formas 1994), Rana esculenta (Gunther et al 1979), Rana pipens (Richards and Nace 1977), and Leiopelma hochstetteri (Green et al 1984). Cavallo et al (2002) also reported cases of triploidy involving Bufo viridis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Karyotypic differentiation via 2n reduction and a finding of a case of triploidy in anurans of the genus Engystomops (Anura, Leiuperidae)

2011

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The genus Engystomops is divided into two groups, namely the Duovox clade and the Edentulus clade. The species of Edentulus clade have karyotypes with 2n = 22, while E. pustulatus and E. puyango, which belong to Duovox clade, have 2n = 20. To investigate if 2n = 20 is a synapomorphy of Duovox clade, we cytogenetically analyzed all the species of this group, except for E. puyango, in the present study. All of them had 2n = 20, differing from the species of Edentulus clade. Since the species already karyotyped of the genus Physalaemus, which is considered to be the sister group of Engystomops, also have 2n = 22, we conclude that the 2n reduction is a synapomorphy of Duovox clade. Despite the karyotypes of all the species of Duovox clade were very similar, they varied in the NOR pattern. In E. coloradorum, an additional NOR was found in one homologue of the chromosome pair 10 exclusively in all females, indicating that this could possibly be a sexual pair of the ZZ/ZW system. Also in this species, it was found the first case of natural polyploidy of the genus Engystomops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Karyotypic differentiation via 2n reduction and a finding of a case of triploidy in anurans of the genus Engystomops (Anura, Leiuperidae)

2011

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“…The model Pipid species Xenopus laevis was originally thought to be diploid but it is now recognized as an ancient tetraploid, with extensive, but incomplete diploidization across much of its genome (Kobel & Du Pasquier, 1986); octoploids and dodecaploids also occur in the family (see Evans et al, 2004Evans et al, , 2005Evans et al, , 2008. Polyploidy has also been suggested in other basal groups (Leiopelmatidae Green, Kezer & Nussbaum, 1984) and the entire Sirenidae family may be ancient polyploids (Morescalchi & Olmo, 1974), but these reports remained unconfirmed. In the more derived groups (e.g.…”

Section: Anuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome duplication in amphibians and fish: an extended synthesis

2011

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Whole genome duplication (leading to polyploidy) is widely accepted as an important evolutionary force in plants, but it is less recognized as a driver of animal diversification. Nevertheless, it occurs across a wide range of animals; this review investigates why it is particularly common in fish and amphibians, while rare among other vertebrates. We review the current geographic, ecological and phylogenetic distributions of sexually reproducing polyploid taxa before focusing more specifically on what factors drive polyploid formation and establishment. In summary, (1) polyploidy is phylogenetically restricted in both amphibians and fishes, although entire fish, but not amphibian, lineages are derived from polyploid ancestors. (2) Although mechanisms such as polyspermy are feasible, polyploid formation appears to occur principally through unreduced gamete formation, which can be experimentally induced by temperature or pressure shock in both groups. (3) External reproduction and fertilization in primarily temperate freshwater environments potentially exposes zygotes to temperature stress, which can promote increased production of unreduced gametes. (4) Large numbers of gametes and group breeding in relatively confined areas could increase the probability of compatible gamete combinations in both groups. (5) Both fish and amphibians have a propensity to form reproductively successful hybrids; although the relative frequency of autopolyploidy versus allopolyploidy is difficult to ascertain, multiple origins involving hybridization have been confirmed for a number of species in both groups. (6) Problems with establishment of polyploid lineages associated with minority cytotype exclusion could be overcome in amphibians via assortative mating by acoustic recognition of the same ploidy level, but less attention has been given to chemical or acoustic mechanisms that might operate in fish. (7) There is no strong evidence that polyploid fish or amphibians currently exist in more extreme environments than their diploid progenitors or have broader ecological ranges. (8) Although pathogens could play a role in the relative fitness of polyploid species, particularly given duplication of genes involved in immunity, this remains an understudied field in both fish and amphibians. (9) As in plants, many duplicate copies of genes are retained for long periods of time, indicative of selective maintenance of the duplicate copies, but we find no physiological or other reasons that could explain an advantage for allelic or genetic complexity. (10) Extant polyploid species do not appear to be more or less prone to extinction than related diploids in either group. We conclude that, while polyploid fish and amphibians share a number of attributes facilitating polyploidy, clear drivers of genome duplication do not emerge from the comparison. The lack of a clear association of sexually reproducing polyploids with range expansion, harsh environments, or risk of extinction could suggest that stronger correlations in plants may be driven by s...

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“…Astylosternus diadematus 4n = 54 Tandy, 1976, 1981 Bufonidae Amietophrynus poweri 3n = 30 j Schmid, 1978 Amietophrynus asmarae 4n = 40 Bogart and Tandy, 1976;Bogart, 1980;Tandy et al, 1982 Bufotes viridis complex prior to revision by Stöck et al, 2001b3n = 33 Stöck et al, 1999, 2001aBorkin et al, 2001;Cavallo et al, 2002 Bufotes viridis complex prior to revision by Stöck et al, 2001b4n = 44 Bogart, 1972Mazik et al, 1976;Pisanets, 1978;Toktosunov, 1984;Borkin et al, 1986aBorkin et al, , b, 2001Orlova and Uteshev, 1986;Ráb, 1986, 1987;Wu and Zhao, 1987;Borkin and Kuzmin, 1988;Stöck, 1998;Stöck et al, 2001aStöck et al, , 2006 The following taxa are presently included in the Bufotes viridis complex Bufotes baturae 3n = 33 Stöck et al, 1999Stöck et al, , 2002Stöck et al, , 2012 Tandy, 1976, 1981 Hylidae Hyla versicolor 4n = 48 Wasserman, 1970;Bogart and Wasserman, 1972;Bachmann and Bogart, 1975;Cash and Bogart, 1978;Wiley, 1982;Anderson, 1986Anderson, , 1991 Beçak et al, 1970b;Batistic et al, 1975;Pombal and Haddad, 1992;Haddad et al, 1994 Leiopelmatidae Leiopelma hochstetteri 3n = 33 j Green et al, 1984 Leptodactylidae Pleurodema bibroni 4n = 44 …”

Section: Arthroleptidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy in Amphibia

Schmid

Evans

Bogart

2015

Cytogenet Genome Res

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This review summarizes the current status of the known extant genuine polyploid anuran and urodelan species, as well as spontaneously originated and/or experimentally produced amphibian polyploids. The mechanisms by which polyploids can originate, the meiotic pairing configurations, the diploidization processes operating in polyploid genomes, the phenomenon of hybridogenesis, and the relationship between polyploidization and sex chromosome evolution are discussed. The polyploid systems in some important amphibian taxa are described in more detail.

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Triploidy in Hochstetter's frog,Leiopelma hochstetteri, from New Zealand

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Karyotypic differentiation via 2n reduction and a finding of a case of triploidy in anurans of the genus Engystomops (Anura, Leiuperidae)

Karyotypic differentiation via 2n reduction and a finding of a case of triploidy in anurans of the genus Engystomops (Anura, Leiuperidae)

Genome duplication in amphibians and fish: an extended synthesis

Polyploidy in Amphibia

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