Tris(2,2’-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II) complex as a universal reagent for the fabrication of heterogeneous electrochemiluminescence platforms and its recent analytical applications

Complex electrochemiluminescence patterns shaped by hydrodynamics at a rotating bipolar electrode

“…[Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ and TPA were selected as they represent the most widely used luminophore/co-reactant ECL system for analytical and imaging applications. 52–55 Several mechanistic pathways have already been discussed in the literature as a function of the applied potential, the electrode material, and the composition of the solution. 14,56,57 In brief, the electrochemical oxidation of the ECL reagents leads to the typical red emission of the [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ luminophore (620 nm) following the so-called general oxidative-reduction ECL mechanism.…”

Electrochemiluminescence Detection and Imaging of Biomolecules at the Single-Cell Level

“…However, this approach can be limited by autofluorescence and high-power laser irradiation, which generate high optical background signals that can affect imaging accuracy. To address this issue, the use of ECL technology, which offers a zero-background feature, has been explored as an alternative method for visualizing membrane proteins at the single-cell level with high sensitivity [83][84][85][86]. In this approach, the antibody is linked to an ECL tag, such as Ru(bpy) 3 2+ , to enable ECL imaging.…”

Redox-mediated electrochemiluminescence enhancement for bead-based immunoassay

“…1,2 ECL offers several intrinsic advantages over conventional analytical techniques such as an excellent signal-to-noise ratio, precise spatial 3 and temporal control, and signal generation in an aqueous environment that is essential for analysis in real matrices. [4][5][6][7] These benets have played a pivotal role in the establishment of ECL as a leading bioanalytical technique. To make ECL viable for clinical diagnostics, Roche Diagnostics produce fully automated analysers that exploit bead-based immunoassay technology.…”