Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(<scp>ii</scp>) chemiluminescence

Gorman, Bree A.; Francis, Paul S.; Barnett, Neil W.

doi:10.1039/b518454a

Cited by 267 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 235 publications

(272 reference statements)

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“…28 Pharmaceuticals/pesticides containing nitrogen in their chemical structure (heterocyclic compounds/amines) have been used as reductants to produce orange emission, and hence detected by the Ru(II) complex. 29,30 Recently, transition metals, such as Ag(III), Ni(IV) and Cu(III), stabilized by chelating with polydentate ligands, have been exploited in CL systems as oxidizing agents. Emission is brought about by energy released in a redox reaction on which the oxidant or reductant species are the metal complex and a CL reagent.…”

Section: Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Thiram and Aminocarb Pesticides in Natural Water Samples Using Flow Injection with Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)-ruthenium(II)-diperiodatoargentate(III) Chemiluminescence Detection

Asghar¹,

Yaqoob²,

Haque

et al. 2013

ANAL. SCI.

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A simple and sensitive flow-injection (FI) method is reported for the determination of thiram and aminocarb pesticides in natural water samples based on the strong enhancing effects of these pesticides on the tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-diperiodatoargentate(III) (Ru(bipy)3 2+ -DPA) chemiluminescence (CL) system. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the CL intensity was linear over the range of 1.0 -1000 and 1.0 -10000 ng mL -1 (R 2 = 0.9998 (n = 7) and 0.9994 (n = 11)) for thiram and aminocarb, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSDs; n = 3) in the range 1.0 -2.6%. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.1 ng mL -1 for both pesticides with injection throughputs of 150 h -1 . The key chemical and physical variables (reagent concentrations, flow rates, sample volume, PMT voltage) were optimized and potential interferences investigated. The method was successfully applied to natural water samples and the results obtained were not significantly different (95% confidence interval) from results obtained by the previously reported FI-CL and HPLC methods. Thiram could be determined in the presence of aminocarb using Triton X-100. The possible CL reaction mechanism is also discussed briefly.

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Section: Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Thiram and Aminocarb Pesticides in Natural Water Samples Using Flow Injection with Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)-ruthenium(II)-diperiodatoargentate(III) Chemiluminescence Detection

Asghar¹,

Yaqoob²,

Haque

et al. 2013

ANAL. SCI.

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“…] are among the most frequently utilized reagents for the generation of CL (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemiluminescence determination of chlorpheniramine using tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)–ruthenium(II) peroxydisulphate system and sequential injection analysis

et al. 2008

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] and a peristaltic pump to propel the sample. The experimental conditions affecting the chemiluminescence reaction were systematically optimized, using the univariate approach. Under the optimum conditions linear calibration curves of 0.1-10 mg/ml were obtained. The detection limit was 0.04 mg/ml and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was always < 5%. The procedure was applied to the analysis of CPA in pharmaceutical products and was found to be free from interferences from concomitants usually present in these preparations.

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“…However, the sensitivity of the reported works concerning the determination of gatifloxacin in biological sample using CE is limited due to the UV detector commonly used, in which LOQ of 5.0 Â 10 À6 and 5.0 Â 10 À7 g/mL [10][11][12] are achieved. ECL using tris(2,2 0 -bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy) 3 21 ) has been extensively applied for the analysis of various compounds containing secondary or tertiary amine [21,22]. In recent years, ECL has attracted increasing interest as CE end-column detector for separation and detection of amine containing compounds and their derivatives for its high sensitivity, simple instrument and low assay cost [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CE‐ECL detection of gatifloxacin in biological fluid after clean‐up using SPE

Wang

et al. 2009

J of Separation Science

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A simple, rapid and sensitive CE method has been proposed for the determination of gatifloxacin in biological fluid. This method is based on the ECL reaction of gatifloxacin and tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) occurred in the end-column detection cell. Under the optimal conditions, gatifloxacin can be assayed within 10 min over the concentration range of 5.0 Â 10 À8 À5.0 Â 10 À6 g/mL with the theoretical plate numbers of 18 000. The intra-day and inter-day precision of the signal intensity and the migration time shows acceptable reproducibility for the analysis of gatifloxacin. The presented method has been successfully applied to determine the concentrations of gatifloxacin in urine and blood samples after clean-up using C 18 SPE column. IntroductionGatifloxacin, a synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that is active against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, is widely used for the treatment of various infections. This drug offers several advantages over previous antibiotics, including enhanced in vitro activity against clinically important pathogens and improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics, which may improve patient outcomes against certain bacterial pathogens, especially penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The absolute bioavailability of gatifloxacin is 96%, with mean peak plasma concentration of 3.1-3.6 mg/mL usually occurring 1-2 h after the ingestion of a 400 mg therapeutic dosage [1][2][3].So far, some methods such as HPLC-UV [4][5][6][7], HPLCfluorimetry [6,8] [20] have been developed for the analysis of gatifloxacin in pharmaceutical preparation, biological fluid and animal tissue. Among these, HPLC [4,6,8,9] based strategies have been most universally used for the determination of this drug in biological samples since the complex matrix may severely interfere in the analysis if effective separation process is absent. High separation efficiency, low sample amount required and short run time make CE a significant complement to HPLC for the detection of various drugs and metabolites in complex sample matrix. Furthermore, as a ''green'' technique, CE separation is commonly performed in aqueous running buffers or aqueous running buffers containing a spot of organic solvent instead of organic mobile phase in HPLC, which diminishes pollution to the environment and damage to the operator. However, the sensitivity of the reported works concerning the determination of gatifloxacin in biological sample using CE is limited due to the UV detector commonly used, in which LOQ of 5.0 Â 10 À6 and 5.0 Â 10 À7 g/mL [10][11][12] are achieved. ECL using tris(2,2 0 -bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy) 3 21 ) has been extensively applied for the analysis of various compounds containing secondary or tertiary amine [21,22]. In recent years, ECL has attracted increasing interest as CE end-column detector for separation and detection of amine containing compounds and their derivatives for its high sensitivity, simple instrument and low assay cost [23][24][25][26][27][28][29...

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Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(ii) chemiluminescence

Cited by 267 publications

References 235 publications

Determination of Thiram and Aminocarb Pesticides in Natural Water Samples Using Flow Injection with Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)-ruthenium(II)-diperiodatoargentate(III) Chemiluminescence Detection

Determination of Thiram and Aminocarb Pesticides in Natural Water Samples Using Flow Injection with Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)-ruthenium(II)-diperiodatoargentate(III) Chemiluminescence Detection

Chemiluminescence determination of chlorpheniramine using tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)–ruthenium(II) peroxydisulphate system and sequential injection analysis

CE‐ECL detection of gatifloxacin in biological fluid after clean‐up using SPE

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