Parasitic fungi occur in virtually every ecosystem, where they can
significantly affect the functions of other organisms. Fungal parasites
were probably also widespread in the geologic past. However, evidence of
fossil fungi and their ecological roles is relatively rare. Here we
demonstrate a spectrum of (putative) parasitic relationships in ancient
continental ecosystems, using fossil examples of Chytridiomycota,
zygomycetous fungi, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota, along with several
fungal fossils whose affinities remain unknown, from different periods
of the Phanerozoic. Although many of the hosts no longer exist, the
fungi involved mostly appear morphologically very similar to extant
forms.