TRISPEC: A Simultaneous Optical and Near‐Infrared Imager, Spectrograph, and Polarimeter

Watanabe, Makoto; Nakaya, Hidehiko; Yamamuro, Tomoyasu; Zenno, Takahiro; Ishii, Miki; Okada, Makoto; Yamazaki, Atsushi; Yamanaka, Yusuke; Kurita, Mikio; Kino, Motoki; Ijiri, Ryuta; Hirao, T.; Nagata, T.; Sato, Shuji; Kawai, Takeshi; Nakamura, Youko; Sato, Toshikazu; Ebizuka, Noboru; Hough, J.; Chrysostomou, A.

doi:10.1086/431914

Cited by 53 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The Triple Range Imager and SPECtrograph (Watanabe et al 2005) was used for the observations from JD = 612 to 1228. Then, the HOWPol (Hiroshima One-shot Wide-field Polarimeter, Kawabata et al 2008) was used from JD 1434 to 2233 with the V-band filter.…”

Section: Optical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio to gamma-ray variability study of blazar S5 0716+714

Rani

Krichbaum

Fuhrmann

et al. 2013

A&A

107

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We present the results of a series of radio, optical, X-ray, and γ-ray observations of the BL Lac object S50716+714 carried out between April 2007 and January 2011. The multifrequency observations were obtained using several ground-and space-based facilities. The intense optical monitoring of the source reveals faster repetitive variations superimposed on a long-term variability trend on a time scale of ∼350 days. Episodes of fast variability recur on time scales of ∼60−70 days. The intense and simultaneous activity at optical and γ-ray frequencies favors the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism for the production of the high-energy emission. Two major low-peaking radio flares were observed during this high optical/γ-ray activity period. The radio flares are characterized by a rising and a decaying stage and agrees with the formation of a shock and its evolution. We found that the evolution of the radio flares requires a geometrical variation in addition to intrinsic variations of the source. Different estimates yield robust and self-consistent lower limits of δ ≥ 20 and equipartition magnetic field B eq ≥ 0.36 G. Causality arguments constrain the size of emission region θ ≤ 0.004 mas. We found a significant correlation between flux variations at radio frequencies with those at optical and γ-rays. The optical/GeV flux variations lead the radio variability by ∼65 days. The longer time delays between low-peaking radio outbursts and optical flares imply that optical flares are the precursors of radio ones. An orphan X-ray flare challenges the simple, one-zone emission models, rendering them too simple. Here we also describe the spectral energy distribution modeling of the source from simultaneous data taken through different activity periods.

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Section: Optical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio to gamma-ray variability study of blazar S5 0716+714

Rani

Krichbaum

Fuhrmann

et al. 2013

A&A

107

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“…PKS 1502+106 was also monitored in the optical V and near-infrared J bands with some photometric and polarimetric snapshots by the TRISPEC instrument attached to the 1.5 m "KANATA" telescope at the Higashi-Hiroshima Observatory, Japan (Watanabe et al 2005;Uemura et al 2008), within a twofold program of optical follow up for LAT flaring sources and regular monitoring of about 20 blazars. Imaging relative photometry was performed using some comparison stars in the same field, but due to the absence of an accurate calibration for this field we prefer to report only the relative magnitude difference Δmag with respect to the minimum level (fifth panel of Figure 4).…”

Section: Simultaneous Near-infrared and Optical Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

PKS 1502+106: A NEW AND DISTANT GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR IN OUTBURST DISCOVERED BY THEFERMILARGE AREA TELESCOPE

Abdo¹,

Ackermann²,

Ajello³

et al. 2010

ApJ

102

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The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope discovered a rapid (∼5 days duration), high-energy (E > 100 MeV) gamma-ray outburst from a source identified with the blazar PKS 1502+106 (OR 103, S3 1502+10, z = 1.839) starting on 2008 August 5 (∼23 UTC, MJD 54683.95), and followed by bright and variable flux over the next few months. Results on the gamma-ray localization and identification, as well as spectral and temporal behavior during the first months of the Fermi all-sky survey, are reported here in conjunction with a multiwaveband characterization as a result of one of the first Fermi multifrequency campaigns. The campaign included a Swift ToO (followed up by a 16 day observation on August 7-22, MJD 54685-54700), VLBA (within the MOJAVE program), Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) 40 m, Effelsberg-100 m, Metsähovi-14 m, RATAN-600, and Kanata-Hiroshima radio/optical observations. Results from the analysis of archival observations by INTEGRAL, XMM-Newton, and Spitzer space telescopes are reported for a more complete picture of this new gamma-ray blazar. PKS 1502+106 is a sub-GeV peaked, powerful flat spectrum radio quasar (luminosity at E > 100 MeV, L γ , is about 1.1 × 10 49 erg s −1 , and black hole mass likely close to 10 9 M ), exhibiting marked gamma-ray bolometric dominance, in particular during the asymmetric outburst (L γ /L opt ∼ 100, and 5 day averaged flux F E>100 MeV = 2.91 ± 1.4 × 10 −6 ph cm −2 s −1 ), which was characterized by a factor greater than 3 of flux increase in less than 12 hr. The outburst was observed simultaneously from optical to X-ray bands (F 0.3−10 keV = 2.18 +0.15 −0.12 × 10 −12 erg cm −2 s −1 , and hard photon index ∼1.5, similar to past values) with a flux increase of less than 1 order of magnitude with respect to past observations, and was likely controlled by Comptonization of external-jet photons produced in the broad-line region (BLR) in the gamma-ray band. No evidence of a possible blue bump signature was observed in the optical-UV continuum spectrum, while some hints for a possible 4 day time lag with respect to the gamma-ray flare were found. Nonetheless, the properties of PKS 1502+106 and the strict optical/UV, X-, and gamma-ray cross-correlations suggest the contribution of the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), in-jet, process should dominate from radio to X-rays. This mechanism may also be responsible for the consistent gamma-ray variability observed by the LAT on longer timescales, after the ignition of activity at these energies provided by the BLR-dissipated outburst. Modulations and subsequent minor, rapid flare events were detected, with a general fluctuation mode between pink-noise and a random-walk. The averaged gamma-ray spectrum showed a deviation from a simple power law, and can be described by a log-parabola curved model peaking around 0.4-0.5 GeV. The maximum energy of photons detected from the 812 ABDO ET AL.Vol. 710 source in the first four months of LAT observations was 15.8 GeV, with no significant consequences ...

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“…Both observations were performed with TRISPEC attached to the Kanata 1.5-m telescope at HigashiHiroshima Observatory of Hiroshima University. TRISPEC is a simultaneous imager and spectrograph with polarimetry covering both optical and NIR wavelengths (Watanabe et al 2005). We used the imaging mode of TRISPEC with the V, J, and K s band filters for GRB 071112C.…”

Section: Optical and Nir Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared/optical – X-ray simultaneous observations of X-ray flares in GRB 071112C and GRB 080506

Uehara¹,

Uemura

Kawabata

et al. 2010

A&A

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Aims. We investigate the origin of short X-ray flares which are occasionally observed in early stages of afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Methods. We observed two Swift events, GRB 071112C and GRB 080506, before the start of X-ray flares in the optical and nearinfrared (NIR) bands with the 1.5-m Kanata telescope. In conjunction with published X-ray and optical data, we analyzed densely sampled light curves of the early afterglows and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in the NIR-X-ray ranges. Results. We found that the SEDs had a break between the optical and X-ray bands in the normal decay phases of both GRBs regardless of the model for the correction of the interstellar extinction in host galaxies of GRBs. In the X-ray flares, X-ray flux increased by 3 and 15 times in the case of GRB 071112C and 080506, respectively, and the X-ray spectra became harder than those in the normal decay phases. No significant variation in the optical-NIR range was detected together with the X-ray flares. Conclusions. These results suggest that the X-ray flares were associated with either late internal shocks or external shocks from two-component jets.

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TRISPEC: A Simultaneous Optical and Near‐Infrared Imager, Spectrograph, and Polarimeter

Cited by 53 publications

References 25 publications

Radio to gamma-ray variability study of blazar S5 0716+714

Radio to gamma-ray variability study of blazar S5 0716+714

PKS 1502+106: A NEW AND DISTANT GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR IN OUTBURST DISCOVERED BY THEFERMILARGE AREA TELESCOPE

Infrared/optical – X-ray simultaneous observations of X-ray flares in GRB 071112C and GRB 080506

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