Tritium detection by β-radioluminescence in standard media for thin-layer chromatography

Prydz, S.; Skammelsrud, Kåre S.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)80553-7

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Lüthi and Waser also used anthracene by mixing it with the absorbent material prior to the making of the chromatoplates. This procedure has also been tested by us (12)(13)(14). Contractor and Shane sprayed the dried thin layers twice with a scintillator solution consisting of toluene containing per liter 4 g of 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) and 0.1 g of 1,4bis-2-(methyl-5-phenyloxazolyl)benzene (dimethyl-POPOP), both scintillation grade chemicals from Packard Instrument Co., La Grange, 111.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid scintillators can also be used; for example, solid scintillator powders can be admixed to the chromatogram adsorbent materials prior to the separation. This method has been investigated by Lüthi and Waser (3) and Prydz et al (12)(13)(14). Wilson and Spedding (8) observed that a standard silica gel adsorbent obtainable from Merck acted itself as a scintillator, a fact which was later explained (11)(12)(13) as being due either to the gypsum content or, possibly, to an UV indicator additive, Z^SiO^Mn.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method has been investigated by Lüthi and Waser (3) and Prydz et al (12)(13)(14). Wilson and Spedding (8) observed that a standard silica gel adsorbent obtainable from Merck acted itself as a scintillator, a fact which was later explained (11)(12)(13) as being due either to the gypsum content or, possibly, to an UV indicator additive, Z^SiO^Mn. Solid scintillators have also been added to the developed chromatograms by spraying them with, or dipping them in, scintillator solutions (9, 10, [15][16][17].…”

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Low-temperature solid scintillation fluorography applied to radiochromatography with weak .beta.-emitters

Prydz¹,

Melø²,

Koren³

1973

Anal. Chem.

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A short introduction is given to the use of the photographic detection of radionuclides in chromatography by means of scintillators admixed to the chromatograms. Our own and others' results are discussed. On the basis of a theoretical treatment of the photoemulsion response at very low exposure intensities, many of the observations can be given a satisfactory explanation and some possible experimental improvements can be suggested. An explanation has been provided for an observed low-temperature enhancement of the photoemulsion sensitivity which may become of great importance for the detection of tritium and radiocarbon.Various photographic materials are being employed as important analytical tools in the autoradiography of chromatograms of chemical systems containing radiotracers. In autoradiography, the electrons emitted are directly detected by the resulting exposure of the film materials. The commonly used radiolabels are /3-emitters, like for example 3H, 14C, 35S, and 32P, which may all be detected by autoradiography. However, for tritium, and to some extent also for radiocarbon, there are severe difficulties, and long exposure times are required because of the low efficiency with which the electrons produce film blackening. The small electron energies give very short particle ranges. For tritium only about 1% of the electrons pass through an absorber thickness of 0.3 mg/cm1 2 34567.This means that the practical range in sample and film-material is of the order of 2-3 µ . The mechanisms of absorption and scattering are rather complicated (1, 2) Because of the short /3-range for tritium, only a few per cent of the electrons will actually leave the radiochromatogram (3), and for conventional photographic materials, the average distance between the silver halide grains is larger than the electron range (4).To obtain the best possible coupling between the chromatogram and the photographic emulsion, it has been proposed that the former be impregnated by an X-ray type of the latter. By this method a low-level limit of detection of 33 nCi day/cm2 was achieved (5). However, this method spoils the chromatogram, and this is very inconvenient as a recovery of the chromatographed components is often required.To overcome the above mentioned difficulties, Wilson in 1958 suggested another method (6, 7)-namely, to cover the chromatogram and film, placed in close contact, with a liquid scintillator solution in a light-tight tank. The primary electron energy is then transformed into electronic excita-

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-temperature solid scintillation fluorography applied to radiochromatography with weak .beta.-emitters

Prydz¹,

Melø²,

Koren³

1973

Anal. Chem.

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“…Further losses occur not only in the gap between chromatogram and film, but also in the film itself because the range of the 3H /3-particles in the film is shorter than the average distance between the silver halide grains. Organic and inorganic scintillators have been used to convert the energy of the 3H /3-particles to light, which in turn produces an image in the film (liquid or solid scintillation fluorography) (1)(2)(3)(4). Although most literature data are not directly comparable, the sensitivity reported for procedures of tritium autoradiography and fluorography that permit the subsequent recovery of the compounds is 0.1-0.3 ^c/cm2/day (5,6).…”

Section: Kurt Randerathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric percentage saturation detector

Gelb¹,

Steen²

1969

Anal. Chem.

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Percentage saturation is defined as the percentage ratio of the existing weight of vapor per unit weight of vapor-free gas to the weight of vapor that would exist per unit weight of vapor-free gas if the mixture were saturated at existing temperature and pressure. In reference to water vapor, the measurement of humidity may be accomplished by wet and dry bulb thermometry for static streams but for process stream analysis the expensive lithium chloride detectors and others are usually used. These devices are only for humidity determination, whereas the detector presented here has unlimited capabilities.By using the physical property of the dielectric constant of water vapor and its proportionality to capacitance change in an air condenser, a relatively inexpensive adiabatic per cent saturation detector was constructed. This detector is capable

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“…75% w/w of the scintillator Zn2SiO,t:Mn was added to the Merck Silica Gel 7736 PM detector and a thixotropic organic scintillator additive (38)(39)(40). PM detection of radionuclides in chromatograms by means of solid scintillators admixed to the preparation has as yet only been carried out by Seliger and Agranoff (41) and in our own laboratory during some of our work on methodology (42)(43)(44)(45).…”

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Summary of the state of the art in radiochromatography

Prydz¹

1973

Anal. Chem.

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Tritium detection by β-radioluminescence in standard media for thin-layer chromatography

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Low-temperature solid scintillation fluorography applied to radiochromatography with weak .beta.-emitters

Low-temperature solid scintillation fluorography applied to radiochromatography with weak .beta.-emitters

Dielectric percentage saturation detector

Summary of the state of the art in radiochromatography

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