Triton: Igiugig Video Analysis (Project Report)

Matzner, Shari; Trostle, Colleen K.; Staines, Garrett; Hull, Ryan; Avila, Andrew; Harker-Klimeš, Genevra

doi:10.2172/1485061

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…In addition, collisions or even close encounters of marine mammals, fish, and diving seabirds with turbines are expected to be rare, requiring continuous monitoring to develop datasets. To date, no collisions of marine mammals or seabirds have ever been observed, while only a few observations have shown fish in contact with turbines or other MRE infrastructure, resulting in no obvious damage to the fish [23]. Considerable progress has been made in the area of marine mammal collision risk modeling, yet field-monitoring data are still needed to validate or augment predictive or simulation-based models [24,25].…”

Section: Collision Risk Around Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling analyses suggest that the likelihood of "serious injury" from collision risk to marine animals varies by species and the amount of space the turbine takes up in a passage [26,27], and indicate that predictions of risks are extremely sensitive to behavioral assumptions, such as avoidance or fine-scale evasive responses [24][25][26][27][28]. Studies of fish interactions with turbines in laboratory settings have increased the understanding of collision risk for fish, including understanding fish avoidance behavior around operating turbines [23,29,30]. To understand seabird collision, studies generally investigate habitat use and fine-scale interactions with turbines and seek to develop monitoring techniques; however, it is still unknown how seabirds interact with operational turbines, making it difficult to predict how devices might affect individual birds at MRE sites [22,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Collision Risk Around Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science

Copping

Hemery

Overhus

et al. 2020

JMSE

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Marine renewable energy (MRE) harnesses energy from the ocean and provides a low-carbon sustainable energy source for national grids and remote uses. The international MRE industry is in the early stages of development, focused largely on tidal and riverine turbines, and wave energy converters (WECs), to harness energy from tides, rivers, and waves, respectively. Although MRE supports climate change mitigation, there are concerns that MRE devices and systems could affect portions of the marine and river environments. The greatest concern for tidal and river turbines is the potential for animals to be injured or killed by collision with rotating blades. Other risks associated with MRE device operation include the potential for turbines and WECs to cause disruption from underwater noise emissions, generation of electromagnetic fields, changes in benthic and pelagic habitats, changes in oceanographic processes, and entanglement of large marine animals. The accumulated knowledge of interactions of MRE devices with animals and habitats to date is summarized here, along with a discussion of preferred management methods for encouraging MRE development in an environmentally responsible manner. As there are few devices in the water, understanding is gained largely from examining one to three MRE devices. This information indicates that there will be no significant effects on marine animals and habitats due to underwater noise from MRE devices or emissions of electromagnetic fields from cables, nor changes in benthic and pelagic habitats, or oceanographic systems. Ongoing research to understand potential collision risk of animals with turbine blades still shows significant uncertainty. There has been no significant field research undertaken on entanglement of large animals with mooring lines and cables associated with MRE devices.

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Section: Collision Risk Around Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Collision Risk Around Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science

Copping

Hemery

Overhus

et al. 2020

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Possible blade strikes have been suggested in previous hydrokinetic turbine deployments in the Kvichak River, but due to poor camera image quality those events were not confirmed (Matzner et al. 2017). The frequency of blade strikes in this study was much higher than that in previous hydrokinetic turbine research, which had concluded that fish–turbine collisions and blade strikes are rare in free‐flowing environments (Hammar et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Past monitoring efforts near the hydrokinetic turbine device (Matzner et al. 2017) have documented several behaviors, including active avoidance and passive passage. Past research conducted elsewhere has shown that when hydrokinetic devices are actively rotating, fish presence, passage, and entrainment decrease (Hammar et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Sockeye Salmon Smolt Interactions with a Hydrokinetic Turbine in the Kvichak River, Alaska

Courtney

Flanigan

Hostetter

et al. 2022

N American J Fish Manag

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The development of hydrokinetic turbines has been motivated by the desire to reduce fossil fuel reliance, energy production costs, and greenhouse gas emissions. Detailed information about fish interactions with hydrokinetic turbines is limited; therefore, this study sought to characterize the interactions between a turbine (RivGen; Ocean Renewable Power Company) and Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from one of the most productive populations in the world-that in the Kvichak River, Alaska. By viewing real-time video imagery, our objectives were to quantify the number of Sockeye Salmon smolts that interacted with the turbine and to assess the behaviors/outcomes of these interactions during the species' smolt out-migration. From May 21 to June 10, 2021, a total of 2,374 Sockeye Salmon smolts passed through the field of view of cameras placed immediately downstream of the hydrokinetic turbine. The majority of these observed events occurred over a short (5-d) time period from late May to early June during periods of darkness (0000-0400 hours). Fish were observed passing through the hydrokinetic turbine in both normal and disoriented manners, with the rotational status/speed of the hydrokinetic turbine appearing to influence passage behavior. Blade strikes on fish were also observed, all of which occurred when the turbine was rotating at high "production" speeds. After temporally and spatially extrapolating the observed fish interactions to account for our subsampling, the results suggest that when monitoring was conducted, the hydrokinetic turbine interacted with approximately 200,000 Sockeye Salmon smolts during this species' smolt out-migration period. This study adds to the sparse knowledge base on fish interactions with emerging riverine hydrokinetic devices and may inform strategies to mitigate the impacts of developing energy projects on socially and culturally important fisheries.

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“…Monitoring has provided evidence that some species of fish aggregate around turbines during periods with low current speeds, possibly to use the structure for shelter from the flow or for feeding strategies [102]. Other studies have demonstrated avoidance and individual evasion around rotating river turbines and have concluded that collisions are absent or infrequent [103][104][105].…”

Section: (B) Collision Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the UK and British Channel Islands practical tidal stream energy resource

et al. 2021

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This review provides a critical, multi-faceted assessment of the practical contribution tidal stream energy can make to the UK and British Channel Islands future energy mix. Evidence is presented that broadly supports the latest national-scale practical resource estimate, of 34 TWh/year, equivalent to 11% of the UK’s current annual electricity demand. The size of the practical resource depends in part on the economic competitiveness of projects. In the UK, 124 MW of prospective tidal stream capacity is currently eligible to bid for subsidy support (MeyGen 1C, 80 MW; PTEC, 30 MW; and Morlais, 14 MW). It is estimated that the installation of this 124 MW would serve to drive down the levelized cost of energy (LCoE), through learning, from its current level of around 240 £ / MWh to below 150 £ / MWh , based on a mid-range technology learning rate of 17%. Doing so would make tidal stream cost competitive with technologies such as combined cycle gas turbines, biomass and anaerobic digestion. Installing this 124 MW by 2031 would put tidal stream on a trajectory to install the estimated 11.5 GW needed to generate 34 TWh/year by 2050. The cyclic, predictable nature of tidal stream power shows potential to provide additional, whole-system cost benefits. These include reductions in balancing expenditure that are not considered in conventional LCoE estimates. The practical resource is also dependent on environmental constraints. To date, no collisions between animals and turbines have been detected, and only small changes in habitat have been measured. The impacts of large arrays on stratification and predator–prey interaction are projected to be an order of magnitude less than those from climate change, highlighting opportunities for risk retirement. Ongoing field measurements will be important as arrays scale up, given the uncertainty in some environmental and ecological impact models. Based on the findings presented in this review, we recommend that an updated national-scale practical resource study is undertaken that implements high-fidelity, site-specific modelling, with improved model validation from the wide range of field measurements that are now available from the major sites. Quantifying the sensitivity of the practical resource to constraints will be important to establish opportunities for constraint retirement. Quantification of whole-system benefits is necessary to fully understand the value of tidal stream in the energy system.

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Triton: Igiugig Video Analysis (Project Report)

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science

Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science

Characterizing Sockeye Salmon Smolt Interactions with a Hydrokinetic Turbine in the Kvichak River, Alaska

A review of the UK and British Channel Islands practical tidal stream energy resource

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