After recovery from acute muscle pain even minor subsequent muscle use can initiate recurrence of the same mechanical hyperalgesia months or years after the initial injury. We have recently developed a model of this chronic latent hyperalgesia in the rat. In this study, we have examined the possibility that IL-6, an inflammatory mediator produced during acute muscle inflammation, can mediate the production of this chronic latent hyperalgesic state in which subsequent exposure to inflammatory mediators produce a markedly prolonged mechanical hyperalgesia. We now report that intramuscular injection of IL-6 produced mechanical hyperalgesia, lasting several hours, that was prevented by intrathecal injection of antisense to gp130, an IL-6 receptor subunit. Furthermore, following complete recovery from intramuscular IL-6-induced hyperalgesia, intramuscular PGE 2 produced a mechanical hyperalgesia that was remarkably prolonged compared to naïve controls, indicating the presence of chronic latent hyperalgesia. This ability of IL-6 to produce chronic latent hyperalgesia was prevented by intrathecal admininstration of antisense for gp130. Furthermore, gp130 antisense also prevented chronic latent hyperalgesia produced by intramuscular injection of the inflammogen, carrageenan. These results identify a role for IL-6 in acute inflammatory muscle pain and as a potential target against which therapies might be directed to treat chronic muscle pain.