tRNA-derived RNA fragments in cancer: current status and future perspectives

Yu, Mengqian; Lü, Bingjian; Zhang, Jisong; Ding, Jinwang; Liu, Pengyuan; Lu, Yan

doi:10.1186/s13045-020-00955-6

Cited by 135 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The advances in high-throughput small RNA sequencing make it possible to examine tRNA fragmentation in different tissues or biological fluids using relatively small amounts of RNA [17]. In several cancers intra-and extracellular tRFs have been detected and are currently being considered as noninvasive biofluid markers to assess malignancy [219]. It will be of particular interest to examine whether circulating tRFs are increased in T2D [220].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

tRNA Biology in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes: Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors

Arroyo

Green²,

Cnop³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The global rise in type 2 diabetes results from a combination of genetic predisposition with environmental assaults that negatively affect insulin action in peripheral tissues and impair pancreatic β-cell function and survival. Nongenetic heritability of metabolic traits may be an important contributor to the diabetes epidemic. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in protein synthesis. tRNAs also have noncanonical functions through which they control a variety of biological processes. Genetic and environmental effects on tRNAs have emerged as novel contributors to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Indeed, altered tRNA aminoacylation, modification, and fragmentation are associated with β-cell failure, obesity, and insulin resistance. Moreover, diet-induced tRNA fragments have been linked with intergenerational inheritance of metabolic traits. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of how perturbations in tRNA biology play a role in the pathogenesis of monogenic and type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

tRNA Biology in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes: Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors

Arroyo

Green²,

Cnop³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Although tRFs' heterogenous functions are not entirely understood, they regulate mRNA processing and translation, controlling processes such as cell growth and differentiation [87]. The discovery of stable tRFs-AGO complexes led to the hypothesis that tRFs could work as miRNA inhibiting gene expression.…”

Section: Trna-derived Fragmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Coding RNAs as Sensors of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases

et al. 2020

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Oxidative stress (OS) results from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the cellular antioxidant capacity. OS plays a central role in neurodegenerative diseases, where the progressive accumulation of reactive oxygen species induces mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation and inflammation. Regulatory non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are essential transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression controllers, showing a highly regulated expression in space (cell types), time (developmental and ageing processes) and response to specific stimuli. These dynamic changes shape signaling pathways that are critical for the developmental processes of the nervous system and brain cell homeostasis. Diverse classes of ncRNAs have been involved in the cell response to OS and have been targeted in therapeutic designs. The perturbed expression of ncRNAs has been shown in human neurodegenerative diseases, with these changes contributing to pathogenic mechanisms, including OS and associated toxicity. In the present review, we summarize existing literature linking OS, neurodegeneration and ncRNA function. We provide evidences for the central role of OS in age-related neurodegenerative conditions, recapitulating the main types of regulatory ncRNAs with roles in the normal function of the nervous system and summarizing up-to-date information on ncRNA deregulation with a direct impact on OS associated with major neurodegenerative conditions.

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“…Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are newly discovered functional RNA molecules that are different from messenger RNAs, which can be translated into a protein ( Mattick and Makunin, 2006 ; Feng et al, 2019 ; Dai et al, 2020 ; Yu et al, 2020 ). Over the past decades, researchers have discovered multiple kinds of ncRNAs, showing that ncRNAs constitute more than 90% of RNAs transcribed from the human genome DNA ( Slack, 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Non-coding RNAs on the Radiotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Application

Zhang

Yang

2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Head and neck cancers (HNCs) rank as the sixth common and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with an estimated incidence of 600,000 cases and 40–50% mortality rate every year. Radiotherapy is a common local therapeutic modality for HNC mainly through the function of ionizing radiation, with approximately 60% of patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Although radiotherapy is more advanced and widely used in clinical practice, the 5-year overall survival rates of locally advanced HNCs are still less than 40%. HNC cell resistance to radiotherapy remains one of the major challenges to improve the overall survival in HNC patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are newly discovered functional small RNA molecules that are different from messenger RNAs, which can be translated into a protein. Many previous studies have reported the dysregulation and function of ncRNAs in HNC. Importantly, researchers reported that several ncRNAs were also dysregulated in radiotherapy-sensitive or radiotherapy-resistant HNC tissues compared with the normal cancer tissues. They found that ectopically elevating or knocking down expression of some ncRNAs could significantly influence the response of HNC cancer cells to radiotherapy, indicating that ncRNAs could regulate the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy. The implying mechanism for ncRNAs in regulating radiotherapy sensitivity may be due to its roles on affecting DNA damage sensation, inducing cell cycle arrest, regulating DNA damage repair, modulating cell apoptosis, etc. Additionally, clinical studies reported that in situ ncRNA expression in HNC tissues may predict the response of radiotherapy, and circulating ncRNA from body liquid serves as minimally invasive therapy-responsive and prognostic biomarkers in HNC. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current function and mechanism of ncRNAs in regulating the sensitivity of HNC cancer cells to radiotherapy and comprehensively described the state of the art on the role of ncRNAs in the prognosis prediction, therapy monitoring, and prediction of response to radiotherapy in HNC.

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tRNA-derived RNA fragments in cancer: current status and future perspectives

Cited by 135 publications

References 99 publications

tRNA Biology in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes: Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors

tRNA Biology in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes: Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors

Non-Coding RNAs as Sensors of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Role of Non-coding RNAs on the Radiotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Application

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