Tropane and ergot alkaloids in grain-based products for infants and young children in the Netherlands in 2011–2014

Mulder, Patrick P.J.; Fauw, D.P.K.H. Pereboom-de; Hoogenboom, L.A.P.; Stoppelaar, Joyce de; Nijs, Monique de

doi:10.1080/19393210.2015.1089947

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The flow rate was set at 0.4 mL/min and the column temperature at 40 °C. The mobile phases composition was optimized from Mulder et al [15]. The mobile phase A was 10 mM ammonium carbonate aqueous solution at pH 10 and mobile phase B was 100% ACN.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergot Alkaloids in Wheat and Rye Derived Products in Italy

Debegnach

Patriarca

Brera

et al. 2019

Foods

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Genus Claviceps is a plant pathogen able to produce a group of toxins, ergot alkaloids (EAs), whose effects have been known since the Middle Ages (ergotism). Claviceps purpurea is the most important representative specie, known to infect more than 400 monocotyledonous plants including economically important cereal grains (e.g., rye, wheat, triticale). EAs are not regulated as such. Maximum limits are in the pipeline of the EU Commission while at present ergot sclerotia content is set by the Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 in unprocessed cereals (0.05% as a maximum). This study aimed to investigate the presence of the six principal EAs (ergometrine, ergosine, ergocornine, α-ergocryptine, ergotamine and ergocristine) and their relative epimers (-inine forms) in rye- and wheat-based products. Of the samples, 85% resulted positive for at least one of the EAs. Wheat bread was the product with the highest number of positivity (56%), followed by wheat flour (26%). Rye and wheat bread samples showed the highest values when the sum of the EAs was considered, and durum wheat bread was the more contaminated sample (1142.6 μg/kg). These results suggest that ongoing monitoring of EAs in food products is critical until maximum limits are set.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergot Alkaloids in Wheat and Rye Derived Products in Italy

Debegnach

Patriarca

Brera

et al. 2019

Foods

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“…Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are mycotoxins produced by different fungi of the Clavicipitaceae family, such as Claviceps purpurea , Claviceps paspali and Claviceps fusiformis , which are prevalent in cereals such as rye, wheat, barley, millet, triticale and oat [ 1 ]. The fungus produces distinctive black sclerotia that contain variable amounts of EAs (0.01–0.50%) [ 2 , 3 ]. The EA pattern and contents in sclerotia vary with the individual fungal strain, geographical region and the host plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Ergot Alkaloids in Barley and Wheat from Algeria

Carbonell‐Rozas

Mahdjoubi

Arroyo‐Manzanares

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The natural occurrence of six major ergot alkaloids, ergometrine, ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, ergokryptine and ergocristine, as well as their corresponding epimers, were investigated in 60 cereal samples (barley and wheat) from Algeria. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and a QuEChERS extraction method were used for sample analysis. The results revealed that 12 out of 60 samples (20%) were contaminated with ergot alkaloids. Wheat was the most contaminated matrix, with an incidence of 26.7% (8 out of 30 samples). The concentration of total ergot alkaloids ranged from 17.8 to 53.9 µg/kg for barley and from 3.66 to 76.0 μg/kg for wheat samples. Ergosine, ergokryptine and ergocristine showed the highest incidences in wheat, while ergometrine was the most common ergot in barley.

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“…The fungus has been traditionally associated with rye, where it forms sclerotia, characteristic dark-coloured crescent-shaped bodies in the ears as a final stage of the plant disease (Krska and Crews, 2008;Mulder et al, 2015). In Europe, Claviceps purpurea is the most widespread and it commonly affects cereals such as rye, wheat, triticale, barley, millets and oats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and animal dietary exposure to ergot alkaloids

Arcella¹,

Ruiz²,

Innocenti³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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The ergot alkaloids (EAs) are mycotoxins produced by several species of fungi in the genus Claviceps. In Europe, Claviceps purpurea is the most widespread species and it commonly affects cereals such as rye, wheat, triticale, barley, millets and oats. Food and feed samples used to estimate human and animal dietary exposure were analysed for the 12 main C. purpurea EAs: ergometrine, ergosine, ergocornine, ergotamine, ergocristine, ergocryptine (a-and b-isomers) and their corresponding -inine (S)-epimers. The highest levels of EAs were reported in rye and rye-containing commodities. In humans, mean chronic dietary exposure was highest in 'Toddlers' and 'Other children' with maximum UB estimates of 0.47 and 0.46 lg/kg bw per day, respectively. The 95th percentile exposure was highest in 'Toddlers' with a maximum UB estimate of 0.86 lg/kg bw per day. UB estimations were on average fourfold higher than LB estimations. Average acute exposure (MB estimations) ranged from 0.02 lg/kg bw per day in 'Infants' up to 0.32 lg/kg bw per day estimated in 'Other children'. For the 95th percentile acute exposure, the highest estimate was for a dietary survey within the age class 'Other children' (0.98 lg/kg bw per day). Dietary exposure estimates for animals, assuming a mean concentration scenario, varied between 0.31-0.46 lg/kg bw per day in beef cattle and 6.82-8.07 lg/kg bw per day (LB-UB) in piglets, while exposure estimates assuming a high concentration scenario (95th percentile) varied between 1.43-1.45 lg/kg bw per day and 16.38-16.61 lg/kg bw per day (LB-UB) in the same species. A statistically significant linear relationship between the content of sclerotia and the levels of EAs quantified was observed in different crops (barley, oats, rye, triticale and wheat grains). However, the absence of sclerotia cannot exclude the presence of EAs as samples with no sclerotia identified showed measurable levels of EAs ('false negatives').

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Tropane and ergot alkaloids in grain-based products for infants and young children in the Netherlands in 2011–2014

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Ergot Alkaloids in Wheat and Rye Derived Products in Italy

Ergot Alkaloids in Wheat and Rye Derived Products in Italy

Occurrence of Ergot Alkaloids in Barley and Wheat from Algeria

Human and animal dietary exposure to ergot alkaloids

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