Trophic and tectonic limits to the global increase of marine invertebrate diversity

Cermeño, Pedro; Benton, Michael J.; Paz, Óscar de; Vérard, Christian

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16257-w

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Whereas biotic factors are often considered to have shaped diversity over short time intervals and primarily locally (the Red Queen model), extrinsic factors are generally perceived to have exerted their influence over longer time periods and much wider geographic ranges (the Court Jester model 4,10 ). Although a number of studies indicate a more complex interplay of biotic and abiotic variables than this oversimplified dichotomy would suggest 5,11–14 , extrinsic factors clearly play a key role in driving macroevolution 8 . Disentangling how geological and environmental variables and biodiversity interact thus has important implications for understanding the evolutionary history of life on Earth, including the role of mass extinctions 6,8,12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and periodicity of Phanerozoic marine biodiversity and environmental change

Mannion

2019

Sci Rep

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We examine how the history of Phanerozoic marine biodiversity relates to environmental change. Our focus is on North America, which has a relatively densely sampled history. By transforming time series into the time-frequency domain using wavelets, histories of biodiversity are shown to be similar to sea level, temperature and oceanic chemistry at multiple timescales. Fluctuations in sea level play an important role in driving Phanerozoic biodiversity at timescales >50 Myr, and during finite intervals at shorter periods. Subsampled and transformed marine genera time series reinforce the idea that Permian-Triassic, Triassic-Jurassic, and Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinctions were geologically rapid, whereas the Ordovician-Silurian and Late Devonian ‘events’ were longer lived. High cross wavelet power indicates that biodiversity is most similar to environmental variables (sea level, plate fragmentation, δ 18 O, δ 13 C, δ 34 S and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) at periods >200 Myr, when they are broadly in phase (i.e. no time lag). They are also similar at shorter periods for finite durations of time (e.g. during some mass extinctions). These results suggest that long timescale processes (e.g. plate kinematics) are the primary drivers of biodiversity, whilst processes with significant variability at shorter periods (e.g. glacio-eustasy, continental uplift and erosion, volcanism, asteroid impact) play a moderating role. Wavelet transforms are a useful approach for isolating information about times and frequencies of biological activity and commonalities with environmental variables.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and periodicity of Phanerozoic marine biodiversity and environmental change

Mannion

2019

Sci Rep

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“…A positive association between geographical fragmentation and net diversification rates has already been proposed for global marine biodiversity (Belanger et al., ; Jablonski & Bottjer, ; Peters, ; Peters, Kelly, & Fraass, ; Valentine & Moores, ), for mammalian lineages in the Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 million years ago, Ma; Hedges, Parker, Sibley, & Kumar, ), and in Cupressaceae (gymnosperms) during the break‐up of Pangaea (183–124 Ma; Mao et al., ). Despite a large number of biogeographical studies suggesting that continental fragmentation might impact diversification (Cermeño, Benton, Paz, & Vérard, ; Hedges et al., ; Jordan, Barraclough, & Rosindell, ; Mao et al., ), the hypothesis linking explicitly the speciation rate with the number of landmasses through time has been addressed by some studies with fossil data and found mixed support for a link between diversification and continental fragmentation through time (Jordan et al., ; Lehtonen et al., ; Leprieur et al., ; Vavrek, ; Zaffos et al., ). For example, Zaffos et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of temperature and continental fragmentation to amphibian diversification

Rolland

Condamine

2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Abiotic factors such as global temperature or continental fragmentation may favour speciation through the ecological and geographical isolation of lineages, but macroevolutionary quantifications of such effect with both fossil and phylogenetic data are rarely performed. Here, we propose to use biogeographical estimations and palaeo‐environmental diversification models to estimate whether and how palaeotemperature and the sequential break‐ups of Pangaea, Gondwana and Laurasia have affected the diversification of amphibians through time. Location Global. Methods Using a time‐calibrated phylogeny for 3,309 amphibian species and a genus‐level fossil record, we estimated the diversification rates of the group with birth–death models allowing rates to depend on the temporal variations of the environment. We used estimates of global palaeotemperature and an index of continental fragmentation through time to test the association between speciation and/or extinction rates and past temperature and fragmentation. We also estimated the biogeographical history based on a time‐stratified parametric model informed by the global palaeogeography. We inferred whether vicariance or dispersal events explained the ancient and current geographical distribution of amphibians. Results The diversification analyses on the whole amphibians showed that temperature‐dependent models are better supported than tectonic‐dependent, time‐dependent and constant‐rate models for both the fossil and phylogenetic data. The best‐fitting temperature‐dependent model indicated a positive dependence of both speciation and extinction rates with the temperature through time. Biogeographical analyses indicated a Pangaean origin for amphibians and also showed that allopatric speciation (vicariance) explained important phases of the evolution of geographical ranges in the Mesozoic. Main conclusions Our results support that palaeotemperatures have positively impacted amphibian diversification. Our study provides additional insights into how to quantify the effect of the landmass fragmentation on the diversification processes and shows with biogeographical reconstruction that continental fragmentation is linked to allopatric speciation in the early history of the clade.

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“…There exist other ideas on the internal biotic causes of the biodiversity on Earth that relate the Phanerozoic biodiversity to the intensity of predation in marine communities (Huntley, Kowalewski, 2007) and suggest a certain role for predators in the formation of marine biota diversity, although no correlation between predators and preys were found in other studies (Madin et al, 2006). Other researchers, seeing a definite relationship between biodiversity and the age of the oceanic crust, connect the history of the seafloor with the biodiversity level via the availability of food resources (Cermeño et al, 2017).…”

Section: Mass Extinctions and Their Periodicity As A Reflection Of Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of global extinctions in the history of life: facts and hypotheses

Khlebodarova

Лихошвай

2020

Vestn. VOGiS

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Paleontologists define global extinctions on Earth as a loss of about three-quarters of plant and animal species over a relatively short period of time. At least five global extinctions are documented in the Phanerozoic fossil record (~500-million-year period): ~65, 200, 260, 380, and 440 million years ago. In addition, there is evidence of global extinctions in earlier periods of life on Earth – during the Late Cambrian (~500 million years ago) and Ediacaran periods (more than 540 million years ago). There is still no common opinion on the causes of their occurrence. The current study is a systematized review of the data on recorded extinctions of complex life forms on Earth from the moment of their occurrence during the Ediacaran period to the modern period. The review discusses possible causes for mass extinctions in the light of the influence of abiogenic factors, planetary or astronomical, and the consequences of their actions. We evaluate the pros and cons of the hypothesis on the presence of periodicity in the extinction of Phanerozoic marine biota. Strong evidence that allows us to hypothesize that additional mechanisms associated with various internal biotic factors are responsible for the emergence of extinctions in the evolution of complex life forms is discussed. Developing the idea of the internal causes of periodicity and discontinuity in evolution, we propose our own original hypothesis, according to which the bistability phenomenon underlies the complex dynamics of the biota development, which is manifested in the form of global extinctions. The bistability phenomenon arises only in ecosystems with predominant sexual reproduction. Our hypothesis suggests that even in the absence of global abiotic catastrophes, extinctions of biota would occur anyway. However, our hypothesis does not exclude the possibility that in different periods of the Earth’s history the biota was subjected to powerful external influences that had a significant impact on its further development, which is reflected in the Earth’s fossil record.

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Trophic and tectonic limits to the global increase of marine invertebrate diversity

Cited by 11 publications

References 72 publications

Timing and periodicity of Phanerozoic marine biodiversity and environmental change

Timing and periodicity of Phanerozoic marine biodiversity and environmental change

The contribution of temperature and continental fragmentation to amphibian diversification

Causes of global extinctions in the history of life: facts and hypotheses

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