Trophic-level responses differ at plant, plot, and fragment levels in urban native forest fragments: a hierarchical analysis

Schnitzler, Franz-Rudolf; Hartley, Stephen; Lester, Philip J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.2011.01266.x

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…On the other hand, higher damage levels by leaf miners at the forest edge seemed to be driven by increased plant availability as C. lachnostachyus plants grow less isolated, a crucial factor for leaf mining herbivory (Schnitzler et al 2011;Whitfeld et al 2012). In a lesser degree, lower water content also contributed to the increase of leaf mining damage at the forest edge, in agreement of frequent observations of drought stress facilitating herbivory (Meyer et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Woodcock and Vanbergen 2008;Ruiz-Guerra et al 2010;Schnitzler et al 2011), influenced herbivory depending on edge/interior location within Chaco Serrrano forest: markedly more leaves were damaged by chewers and total herbivores at the interior than at the edge in larger remnants, but such difference was blurred in smaller forests. In the latter fragments, prevalence of edge microclimatic conditions (Davies-Colley et al 2000) due to a higher perimeter-area ratio (Fletcher et al 2007) could provide a more homogeneous environment for herbivores, thus smoothing edge/interior differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Not all in the same boat: trends and mechanisms in herbivory responses to forest fragmentation differ among insect guilds

Rossetti

González

Salvo

et al. 2014

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Habitat fragmentation can alter fundamental ecological interactions such as insect herbivory. Few studies of habitat fragmentation effects on herbivory have examined the mechanisms involved, and differences among insect guilds have been largely ignored. Here, we studied area and edge effects on herbivory by three guilds of phytophagous insects in a fragmented Chaco Serrano forest. We estimated herbivory levels on native Croton lachnostachyus plants and assessed plant availability (distance to nearest conspecific) and quality indicators (leaf water, carbon and nitrogen content), as well as richness and abundance of the associated insect community, in order to explore mechanisms underlying herbivory changes. Herbivory by chewing and sap-sucking insects decreased, and herbivory by leaf miners increased in plants growing at the forest edge, compared with those at the interior. Forest area effects were detected only in interaction with edge effects on chewing, leaf mining and total herbivory. Lower herbivory at the edge appeared to be mediated by changes in leaf water and nitrogen content for sap-sucking herbivory, and linked to strong direct effects for chewing damage and total herbivory. Instead, higher damage levels by leaf miners at the forest edge seemed to be driven by increased plant availability and lower water content. Further studies are needed to unravel the factors involved in the strong direct effects detected here for all herbivory types. These results emphasize the necessity to consider differential responses from diverse phytophagous insect guilds, and factors operating at multiple levels, in order to disentangle, and ultimately understand, forest fragmentation effects on herbivory.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Not all in the same boat: trends and mechanisms in herbivory responses to forest fragmentation differ among insect guilds

Rossetti

González

Salvo

et al. 2014

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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“…These observations are coincident with those of Schnitzler et al (2011), who also observed a positive correlation between parasitism levels of M. pulchricornis and abundances of larvae of the geometrid moth Cleora scriptaria Walker, 1860. However, no causeÁeffect relationship was established and further experiments isolating the influence of other potential variables are necessary to clarify the mechanisms linking such a correlation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Observations on the emergence rates ofMeteorus pulchricornis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and densities ofUresiphita polygonalis maorialis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae

Mundaca¹

2011

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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Uresiphita polygonalis maorialis (the kowhai moth) is a well-known defoliator of Sophora spp. plants in New Zealand. Here data is presented from an experiment carried out between December 2007 and February 2008. The relationship between densities of U. polygonalis maorialis and the emergence rates of the parasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis were studied. Results show a positive correlation (r 00.51, PB0.01) between densities of U. polygonalis maorialis and the emergence rates of adult M. pulchricornis. Emergence rates recorded through the studied months were 5.8% in December (n 068), 28.5% in January (n 070) and 16.4% in February (n 067). These findings could be explored in detail in order to clarify the mechanisms driving hostÁparasitoid interactions and the relationship between emergence rates of M. pulchricornis and larval densities of U. polygonalis maorialis.

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“…Fragmentation should therefore have increasingly negative effects on more specialised parasitoids, and several empirical studies support this conclusion (moth parasitoids: Elzinga et al, 2007;aphid parasitoids: Rand and Tscharntke, 2007;leafminer parasitoids: Cagnolo et al, 2009; parasitoids of cavity-nesting bees and wasps: Holzschuh et al, 2010). These findings suggest that the effects of fragmentation on parasitoids will largely be mediated by altered host distributions, which are often coupled to plant densities (for herbivorous hosts) at the patch scale (Albrecht et al, 2007;Amarasekare, 2000;Cronin et al, 2004;Holzschuh et al, 2010;Kruess, 2003;Schnitzler et al, 2011;Vanbergen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Antagonistic Host-parasitoid Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Biodiversity, Species Interactions and Ecological Networks in a Fragmented World

Hagen

Kissling

Rasmussen

et al. 2012

Advances in Ecological Research

364

352

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Trophic-level responses differ at plant, plot, and fragment levels in urban native forest fragments: a hierarchical analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Not all in the same boat: trends and mechanisms in herbivory responses to forest fragmentation differ among insect guilds

Not all in the same boat: trends and mechanisms in herbivory responses to forest fragmentation differ among insect guilds

Observations on the emergence rates ofMeteorus pulchricornis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and densities ofUresiphita polygonalis maorialis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae

Biodiversity, Species Interactions and Ecological Networks in a Fragmented World

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