Trophic relationship between the invasive parasitic copepod <i>Mytilicola orientalis</i> and its native blue mussel (<i>Mytilus edulis</i>) host

Goedknegt, M. Anouk; Shoesmith, David W.; Jung, A.S.; Luttikhuizen, Pieternella C.; Meer, Jaap van der; Philippart, C.J.M.; Veer, Henk W. van der; Thieltges, David W.

doi:10.1017/s0031182017001779

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…blood, liver) are usually 13 C-depleted relative to other tissues (Focken and Becker 1998, Pinnegar and Polunin 1999, Pinnegar et al 2001, so that selective feeding on these lipidrich tissues may lead to lower Δ 13 C discrimination than in predators. Further effects on isotope discrimination factors, both in regard to Δ 13 C and Δ 15 N, may arise in cases where parasites do not only feed on host tissue but also on non-host resources such as the general gut content of their hosts or on epiphytic and intestinal bacteria (Goedknegt et al 2018).…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites and stable isotopes: a comparative analysis of isotopic discrimination in parasitic trophic interactions

Thieltges

Goedknegt

O’Dwyer³

et al. 2019

Oikos

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Stable isotopes are widely used to identify trophic interactions and to determine trophic positions of organisms in food webs. Comparative studies have provided general insights into the variation in isotopic composition between consumers and their diet (discrimination factors) in predator–prey and herbivore–plant relationships while other major components of food webs such as host–parasite interactions have been largely overlooked. In this study, we conducted a literature‐based comparative analysis using phylogenetically‐controlled mixed effects models, accounting for both parasite and host phylogenies, to investigate patterns and potential drivers in Δ13C and Δ15N discrimination factors in metazoan parasitic trophic interactions. Our analysis of 101 parasite–host pairs revealed a large range in Δ13C (–8.2 to 6.5) and Δ15N (–6.7 to 9.0) among parasite species, with no significant overall depletion or enrichment of 13C and 15N in parasites. As previously found in other trophic interactions, we identified a scaling relationship between the host isotopic value and both discrimination factors with Δ13C and Δ15N decreasing with increasing host δ13C and δ15N, respectively. Furthermore, parasite phylogenetic history explained a large fraction (>60%) of the observed variation in the Δ15N discrimination factor. Our findings suggest that the traditional isotope ecology framework (using an average Δ15N of 3.4‰) applies poorly to parasitic trophic interactions. They further indicate the need for a scaled rather than a fixed trophic discrimination factor framework along gradients of host δ15N. We also identified several conceptual and methodological issues which should to be considered in future research to help integrate parasitic interactions into a holistic isotope ecology framework across diverse trophic interactions.

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites and stable isotopes: a comparative analysis of isotopic discrimination in parasitic trophic interactions

Thieltges

Goedknegt

O’Dwyer³

et al. 2019

Oikos

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“…Gretsy and Qyarmby[52] found that adult Mytilicola intestinalis were enriched by 3‰ relative to the intestine of European blue mussel host (Mytilus edulis). Goedknegt et al[54] similarly found that adult Mytilicola orientalis were enriched in 15 N stable isotope relative to the adductor muscle of the host mussel, M.edulis, by 1.2‰. In both instances the higher 15 N enrichment of both species could be related to the parasites feeding directly on the intestinal tissue of the host.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…However, Shotter[51] indicated that the mandibles of Clavella uncinata, a similar species to C. adunca, were too weak to tear tissue but instead function in gathering material by scraping superficial tissue toward the mouth, with little blood comprising the diet and intestinal contents. In some instances, studies have indicated adult female copepods are significantly enriched in15 N relative to the host organism[52][53][54]. Gretsy and Qyarmby[52] found that adult Mytilicola intestinalis were enriched by 3‰ relative to the intestine of European blue mussel host (Mytilus edulis).…”

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confidence: 99%

Stable isotope analysis spills the beans about spatial variance in trophic structure in a fish host – parasite system from the Vaal River System, South Africa

Gilbert

Nachev

Jochmann

et al. 2019

Preprint

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BackgroundStable isotope analysis offers a unique tool for comparing trophic interactions and food web architecture in ecosystems. This approach is based on analysis of the stable isotope ratios of carbon (13 C/ 12 C) and nitrogen (15 N/ 14 N) in organisms. Studies comparing stable isotope enrichment in hosts and parasites have shown that parasites are variably enriched in stable isotopes relative to the host.MethodsSharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were collected from six sites along the Vaal River, South Africa and were assessed for ectoparasites and endoparasites. Lamproglena clariae (Copepoda), Tetracampus ciliotheca and Proteocephalus glanduligerus (Cestoda), and larval Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda) were collected from the gills, intestine and mesenteries, respectively. Signatures of δ 13 C and δ 15 N were analysed in host muscle tissue and parasites using bulk stable isotope analysis.ResultsStable isotope enrichment was variable between parasites and the host fish, with L. clariae and the host sharing similar δ 15 N signatures and the endoparasites being depleted in both δ 13 C and δ 15 N relative to the host. Spatial differences in enrichment of stable isotopes were also identified. Fish and parasites collected from below the Vaal River Barrage were more enriched in the 15 N isotope than hosts and parasites collected from other sites. The opposite was identified for 13 C isotope fractionation.ConclusionDifferences in stable isotope enrichment in parasites infecting C. gariepinus could be related to the feeding strategy of each parasite species collected. Enrichment of δ 15 N in L. clariae would relate to the micropredatory nature of this parasite, which feeds on whole blood of the host fish. Depleted isotope levels in endoparasites could relate to their absorptive feeding strategy on metabolic by-products of the host. Spatial differences in both host and parasite tissues identified likely resulted from differences in the diet of the host and related with availability of prey items for the host fish.

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“…prey items, detritus, mucus, or blood 24 ). In addition, it has been suggested that trophic discrimination factors of parasites may not be fixed but scale with the isotopic signature of their hosts, both within 25 and among parasite species 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of host phylogeny, feeding styles, and parasite attachment site on isotopic discrimination in helminths infecting coral reef fish hosts

Riekenberg¹,

Briand²,

Moleana³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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27Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen characterize trophic relationships in predator-prey 28 relationships, with clear differences between consumer and diet (discrimination factor, Δ 13 C, 29 Δ 15 N). However, parasite-host isotopic relationships remain unclear, with Δ 13 C and Δ 15 N 30 remaining incompletely characterized, especially for helminths. In this study, we used stable 31 isotopes to determine discrimination factors for 13 parasite-host pairings of helminths in coral 32 reef fish. Δ 15 N differences grouped according to phylogeny and attachment site on the hosts: 33 Δ 15 N was positive for trematodes and nematodes from the digestive tract and varied for 34 cestodes and nematodes from the general cavity. Δ 13 C showed more complex patterns with no 35 effect of phylogeny or attachment site. A negative relationship was observed between Δ 15 N 36 and host δ 15 N value among different host-parasite pairings as well as within 7 out of the 13 37 parings, indicating that host metabolic processing affects host-parasite discrimination values. 38In contrast, no relationships were observed for Δ 13 C. Our results indicate that host phylogeny, 39 attachment site and host stable isotope value drive Δ 15 N of helminths in coral reef fish while 40 Δ 13 C is more idiosyncratic. These results call for use of taxon-or species-specific and scaled 41 framework for bulk stable isotopes in the trophic ecology of parasites. 42 43 44

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Trophic relationship between the invasive parasitic copepod Mytilicola orientalis and its native blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) host

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Parasites and stable isotopes: a comparative analysis of isotopic discrimination in parasitic trophic interactions

Parasites and stable isotopes: a comparative analysis of isotopic discrimination in parasitic trophic interactions

Stable isotope analysis spills the beans about spatial variance in trophic structure in a fish host – parasite system from the Vaal River System, South Africa

Impacts of host phylogeny, feeding styles, and parasite attachment site on isotopic discrimination in helminths infecting coral reef fish hosts

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