Trophy heads from Nawinpukio, Perú: Physical and chemical analysis of Huarpa‐era modified human remains

Finucane, Brian Clifton

doi:10.1002/ajpa.20710

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For instance, human body parts identified as trophies have been found in Huarpa contexts at Ñawimpukyo, that [79] interprets as representing conflict. Skeletal trauma signaling face-to-face combat, arguably also took place at Conchopata during Huarpa times [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction and Cultural Change in the Peruvian Central Highland Valley of Ayacucho

Valdez¹

2017

Anthropol

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Human societies are not isolated islands; instead, they are part of a complex web that links them with far away communities who are not only culturally different, but also inhabit different environmental settings. In the distant past, cultural interaction enabled the exposure to previously unknown customs and the flow of ideas, in addition to access to foreign exotic goods and the establishment of new kinship ties. Contact with more complex societies and significant locations likely also resulted in the enhancement of status and prestige of specific individuals. Archaeological evidence coming from the Peruvian central highland valley of Ayacucho indicates that as early as the late Early Intermediate Period (ca. 450-550 C.E.), the ancient inhabitants of the region were already part of a large network that linked them with their neighbours of the eastern tropical rain forest region as well with the inhabitants of the dry Pacific coast region. Interaction among members of different cultures precipitated not only the acceptance of previously unknown products and associated cultural practices, such as the use of coca leaves, but also significant cultural transformation in the Ayacucho Valley that ultimately culminated in the establishment of the Wari State.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction and Cultural Change in the Peruvian Central Highland Valley of Ayacucho

Valdez¹

2017

Anthropol

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“…(Uhle 1914;Tello 1918;Pezzia 1968;Coelho 1972;Neira y Coelho 1972-1973Carmichael 1988Carmichael , 1995Browne et al 1993;Kroeber y Collier 1998;Verano 2001;Kellner 2002Kellner , 2006Bachir y Llanos 2006;Tung 2007;Finucane 2008, entre otros), incluyendo el Noroeste Argentino (Núñez y Tartusi 2002). Por otro lado, en buena parte de la vasta Amazonía fue una práctica que pervivió hasta tiempos no muy remotos entre diversos grupos tribales selváticos (Harner 1972).…”

Section: Las Denominadas "Cabezas Trofeo" Nascaunclassified

“…En los últimos años los trabajos bioarqueológicos (osteológicos y físico-químicos), motivados por el alcance de nuevas tecnologías, han permitido dilucidar mejor el camino para el entendimiento de estos "objetos" que documenta el registro arqueológico en los Andes Centrales (Williams et al 2001;Kellner 2002Kellner , 2006Forgey y Williams 2003;Forgey y Williams 2005;Tung 2007;Tung et al 2007;Tung y Knudson 2008;Finucane 2008;Conlee et al 2009;Knudson et. al.…”

Section: Discusión Y Comentariosunclassified

“…Orientados a dilucidar mejor estas explicaciones, en la actualidad ha cobrado gran interés la aplicación de estudios bioantropológicos para el análisis de este tipo de restos; así se han realizado rigurosos exámenes osteológicos (Williams et al 2001;Forgey y Williams 2003) y exámenes físico-químicos que van desde los análisis genéticos de ADN (Forgey y Williams 2005) hasta la aplicación de isótopos de estroncio, carbón y oxígeno para el estudio de paleodietas sobre muestras obtenidas en diversos contextos de los Andes Centrales (Tung 2007;Finucane 2008;Tung y Knudson 2008, 2010Conlee et al 2009;Knudson et al 2009). …”

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“…De este modo, las prácticas rituales cumplen la función de canalizar y 2 Entendemos la "decapitación" como la acción de cortar la cabeza (Diccionario de la Real Academia Española), sean estos individuos vivos o muertos. Ajenos a la discusión sobre si las denominadas "cabezas trofeo" provienen de individuos muertos de larga data o de una muerte reciente previa o producto de la decapitación (Finucane 2008;Valdez 2009), creemos que la intención de cortar o separar la cabeza de su cuerpo tiene como propósito comunicar psicológica y físicamente la intimidación de un acto. regular lo ordinario o extraordinario, en modo tal que el hilo conductor de la vida social no sea alterado en forma substancial por acciones o reacciones externas al grupo o de la sociedad, así como de los propios individuos, potenciales víctimas, inmersos en estas prácticas.…”

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Hallazgo De Una Cabeza Cercenada ("Cabeza Trofeo") en El Valle De Nasca (Perú): Detrás Del Ritual Y La Víctima

Zevallos

2013

Estud. atacam.

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ResumenEl hallazgo de una cabeza cercenada ("cabeza trofeo") en el yacimiento de El Trigal, valle de Nasca (Perú), nos lleva a desarrollar un análisis reflexivo acerca de las prácticas violentas que se instauraron en la región a inicios del s. I de nuestra era. Inmersas dentro de una lectura del imaginario religioso (rituales) y expresión de políticas de poder, las "cabezas trofeo" se encuentran además en profusas representaciones iconográficas de la materialidad social Nasca. A ello se suman recientes hallazgos de cuerpos desmembrados y con huellas de agresión por armamento, además de otros reportes bioantropológicos que advierten una alta representatividad de lesiones por causas violentas, lo cual nos sugiere una lectura de políticas de violencia física (coercitivas) que ejerció esta sociedad, muchas veces encubiertas por el velo ideológico (religioso), con el fin de legitimar el orden social y político en la región.Palabras claves: cabezas trofeo -ritual -violencia -coerción -poder. AbstractThe discovery of a severed head ("trophy head") at the site of El Trigal, Nasca Valley (Peru), leads us to develop a reflective analysis about the violent practices that were established in the region early in the Century I AD. Immersed in the reading of religious imaginary (rituals) and expression of power politics, the "trophy heads" are also in profuse iconographic representations of social materiality Nasca. Also, the existence of dismembered bodies and with marks of aggression, and other bioanthropological reports that warn highly representative of injuries caused by violence, suggests a physical violence policy (coercive) used in this society, often concealed by the ideological veil (religious), for purpose of legitimizing social order and politic in the region.

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Trophy‐taking and dismemberment as warfare strategies in prehistoric central California

Andrushko

Schwitalla

Walker

2009

American J Phys Anthropol

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We document evidence for trophy-taking and dismemberment with a new bioarchaeological database featuring 13,453 individuals from prehistoric central California sites. Our study reveals 76 individuals with perimortem removal of body parts consistent with trophy-taking or dismemberment; nine of these individuals display multiple types of trophy-taking and dismemberment for a total of 87 cases. Cases span almost 5,000 years, from the Early Period (3000-500 BC) to the Late Period (AD 900-1700). Collectively, these individuals share traits that distinguish them from the rest of the population: a high frequency of young adult males, an increased frequency of associated trauma, and a tendency towards multiple burials and haphazard burial positions. Eight examples of human bone artifacts were also found that appear related to trophy-taking. These characteristics suggest that trophy-taking and dismemberment were an important part of the warfare practices of central Californian tribes. Temporally, the two practices soared in the Early/Middle Transition Period (500-200 BC), which may have reflected a more complex sociopolitical system that encouraged the use of trophies for status acquisition, as well as the migration of outside groups that resulted in intensified conflict. Overall, trophy-taking and dismemberment appear to have been the product of the social geography of prehistoric central California, where culturally differentiated tribes lived in close proximity to their enemies.

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Trophy heads from Nawinpukio, Perú: Physical and chemical analysis of Huarpa‐era modified human remains

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Interaction and Cultural Change in the Peruvian Central Highland Valley of Ayacucho

Interaction and Cultural Change in the Peruvian Central Highland Valley of Ayacucho

Hallazgo De Una Cabeza Cercenada ("Cabeza Trofeo") en El Valle De Nasca (Perú): Detrás Del Ritual Y La Víctima

Trophy‐taking and dismemberment as warfare strategies in prehistoric central California

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