Tropical Circulation in a Time-Integration of a Global Model of the Atmosphere

Manabe, Syukuro; Holloway, J. Leith; Stone, Hugh M.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1970)027<0580:tciati>2.0.co;2

Cited by 139 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…More refined global circulation models were later developed by Kasahara and Washington (1967), Kurihara and Holloway (1967), and Arakawa et al (1969) . As presented by Kasahara and Washington (1971) and Manabe et al (1970), the results of various general circulation statistics computed from their latest models agree favorably with those of real atmospheric data.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Mean and Eddy Transports of Angular Momentum, Water Vapor, and Energy in the Global Atmosphere

Kasahara

1971

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Real global data of seven levels (surface pressure, geopotential heights for 700, 500, 300, 200, 100, and 70 mb) analyzed by Baumhefner for the period of 15-19 J anuary 1958 (IGY) are used to evaluate the transports of angular momentum, water vapor, and energy due to mean meridional circulation and eddy motions. Since only mass fields are analyzed, a technique is used to claim the fields of wind and water vapor. With the aid of a six-layer general circulation model developed at the National 'Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), short-range forecasts are made from analyzed initial mass fields with geostrophic wind as an initial condition. A climatological zonal mean specific humidity distribution for January is assumed as the initial field for water vapor. It is found that the wind and water vapor fields evolving after 24 hours of time integration appear to be usable for the evaluation of various transport quantities.The computed mean and eddy transports of momentum, water vapor, and energy are compared with those of various observational sources and of a simulated January starting from an isothermal atmosphere with the NCAR general circulation model. It is shown that the values of various transport quantities for the January 1958 case in the Northern Hemisphere are in reasonable agreement with those of other sources. However, the values of transport quantities in the Southern Hemisphere are underestimated due to weak wave activity. The weakness of eddy motions in the Southern Hemisphere is presumably attributed to difficulty in the initial data analysis owing to sparsity of observation stations in the Southern Hemisphere.In this study, we intend to demonstrate that the diagnostic analyses of the mean and eddy transports of various meteorological quantities can be performed from basic data sets with the use of a general circulation model as the means of imposing dynamical constraints among meteorological variables. 573

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Mean and Eddy Transports of Angular Momentum, Water Vapor, and Energy in the Global Atmosphere

Kasahara

1971

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…In fact, water vapor is extremely important in tropical weather and climate. It was clearly demonstrated by Manabe et al (1970 ) that the role played by water vapor is essential not only for the formation and maintenance of tropical disturbances but also for planetary scale flow. The meridional sections of zonally averaged temperature are shown in figure 4.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Zonal Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…circulation, there have been several reports of numerical experiments which used multi-level, primitive equation, global models, i.e., Mintz (1965), Leith (1965), Kasahara and Washington (1967), Kurihara and Holloway (1967), and Manabe, Holloway and Stone (1970) . At the time this paper (Miyakoda and Staff Members, 1969) was presented to the International Symposium on Numerical Weather Prediction at Tokyo, 1968, Robert (1968 was the only one who had reported on the use of observed global data for forecasting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prediction Experiment with a Global Model of the Kurihara-Grid

Miyakoda

Moyer

Stambler

et al. 1971

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Numerical studies of Manabe and Smagorinsky (1967) and Krishnamurti (1969) showed the importance of the generation of available potential energy which is due to condensation and convection and energy conversion from eddy available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy, but they did not discuss the boundary flux. In a recent numerical study using a global model, Manabe et al (1970) demonstrated that the conversion of eddy available potential energy is the more important source than the energy transfer from the middle latitudes.…”

Section: Conclusion and Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Role of Transient Eddies in the Tropical Troposphere

Nitta

1970

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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We studied the contributions of eddies with various time scale to the covariances of the zonal wind component, temperature and geopotential height with the meridional wind component in the tropical troposphere by the spectral analysis of time series data of Pacific stations for April-July 1962. In the equatorial region disturbances with periods near 4 days play an important role in the covariances. On the other hand, disturbances with period near 6 days and those with periods longer than 10 days mostly contribute to the covariances in sub-tropical latitudes (near 20*N).Average horizontal transports of zonal momentum, sensible heat and potential energy due to transient eddies and partial contributions of disturbances with periods near 4 days to the transports are examined as functions of latitude and altitude. Strong energy fluxes due to disturbances with periods longer than 6 days enter into the tropics from higher latitudes. This results agrees with that obtained theoretically by Mak (1969). Equatorward heat fluxes exist in the lower and the middle troposphere. Large poleward heat fluxes are observed in the upper troposphere. In higher latitudes, contributions of disturbances with periods near 4 days to the horizontal transports are small, but in the equatorial region these become large.A partial estimate of the energy transformation process of eddies contained between the equator and 15*N. Large energy fluxes (pressure work) from higher latitudes converge in the equatorial region. The eddy kinetic energy is transformed to the zonal kinetic energy and the eddy available potential energy is transformed to the zonal potential energy. The convergence of energy flux from higher latitudes is one order of magnitude larger than both energy conversions from eddy to zonal energy and from eddy to zonal available potential energy.

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Tropical Circulation in a Time-Integration of a Global Model of the Atmosphere

Cited by 139 publications

References 0 publications

Mean and Eddy Transports of Angular Momentum, Water Vapor, and Energy in the Global Atmosphere

Mean and Eddy Transports of Angular Momentum, Water Vapor, and Energy in the Global Atmosphere

A Prediction Experiment with a Global Model of the Kurihara-Grid

On the Role of Transient Eddies in the Tropical Troposphere

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