Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s

Gibbs, Holly K.; Ruesch, A. S.; Achard, Frédéric; Clayton, Murray K.; Holmgren, Peter; Ramankutty, Navin; Foley, Jonathan A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0910275107

Cited by 1,536 publications

(1,029 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The study of fungal biodiversity in tropical lowland rain forests is urgent as these are rapidly decreasing due to deforestation (Brown et al 2006). It is estimated that the rain forest area is disappearing with an estimated 1 million square kilometers lost every 5-10 years, and this will significantly impact our knowledge of their biodiversity (Pimm and Raven 2000;Wright and Mueller-Landau 2006;Gibbs et al 2010). For these reasons, biodiversity studies from the still existing rain forests are urgently required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrofungal diversity in Colombian Amazon forests varies with regions and regimes of disturbance

et al. 2012

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Here we present the results of fungal biodiversity studies from some selected Colombian Amazon forests in relationship to plant biodiversity and successional stages after slash and burn agriculture. Macrofungal diversity was found to differ between forests occurring in two regions (Araracuara vs Amacayacu) as well as between flooded forests and terra firme forests in the Amacayacu region. Macrofungal biodiversity differed between regeneration states of different age in the Araracuara region. Suitable substrates, especially dead wood that occurred as a result of recent slash and burn agriculture, resulted in the formation of many sporocarps of wood-inhabiting species. Putative ectomycorrhizal species were found in a dipterocarp forest. Fifty two percent of the macrofungal species could not be identified to the species level, but could be assigned to a genus, and it is likely that a significant portion of these represent species new to science. Long term studies are needed to obtain a comprehensive and complete understanding of the diversity and functioning of mycobiota in Amazon forest ecosystems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrofungal diversity in Colombian Amazon forests varies with regions and regimes of disturbance

et al. 2012

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“…Agricultural expansion continues to be the main driver of tropical deforestation [5] with more than one third of the global terrestrial land area currently under cultivation [6]. Selective logging is the next largest contributor to tropical forest degradation and recent surveys show that more than 20 % of tropical forests are being actively logged [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Soil Fungi to Logging and Oil Palm Agriculture in Southeast Asian Tropical Forests

et al. 2014

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Human land use alters soil microbial composition and function in a variety of systems, although few comparable studies have been done in tropical forests and tropical agricultural production areas. Logging and the expansion of oil palm agriculture are two of the most significant drivers of tropical deforestation, and the latter is most prevalent in Southeast Asia. The aim of this study was to compare soil fungal communities from three sites in Malaysia that represent three of the most dominant land-use types in the Southeast Asia tropics: a primary forest, a regenerating forest that had been selectively logged 50 years previously, and a 25-year-old oil palm plantation. Soil cores were collected from three replicate plots at each site, and fungal communities were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Extracellular enzyme assays were assessed as a proxy for soil microbial function. We found that fungal communities were distinct across all sites, although fungal composition in the regenerating forest was more similar to the primary forest than either forest community was to the oil palm site. Ectomycorrhizal fungi, which are important associates of the dominant Dipterocarpaceae tree family in this region, were compositionally distinct across forests, but were nearly absent from oil palm soils. Extracellular enzyme assays indicated that the soil ecosystem in oil palm plantations experienced altered nutrient cycling dynamics, but there were few differences between regenerating and primary forest soils. Together, these results show that logging and the replacement of primary forest with oil palm plantations alter fungal community and function, although forests regenerating from logging had more similarities with primary forests in terms of fungal composition and nutrient cycling potential. Since oil palm agriculture is currently the mostly rapidly expanding equatorial crop and logging is pervasive across tropical ecosystems, these findings may have broad applicability.

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“…The growth of global human population and of per capita consumption has led over the last fifty years to an important increase in the total area dedicated to the production of agricultural products in developing countries (Green et al, 2005;Gibbs et al, 2010). At the same time, concerns about the erosion of natural ecosystems and of biodiversity have motivated the creation and the expansion of protection areas for nature conservation with the support of integrated conservation and rural development investment made by national governments and international donor agencies (Wittemyer et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising African tick communities at a wild–domestic interface using repeated sampling protocols and models

Miguel¹,

Boulinier²,

Garine‐Wichatitsky³

et al. 2014

Acta Tropica

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The sharing of habitat by wild and domestic animals may result in pathogen transmission, notably via ectoparasite vectors such as ticks. Interfaces between protected and communal lands constitute sharp transitions between areas occupied by host communities that are extremely contrasted in terms of com-position, diversity and density. Empirical characterizations of tick communities and of their vertebrate hosts are strongly relevant for understanding the mechanisms leading to disease transmission between wild and domestic animals. In the present study we aimed at depicting the pattern of spatial variation in the density of immature ticks at such an interface located in Zimbabwe. At the end of the 2011 rainy season, we applied a hierarchical repeated protocol to collect ticks. We used the dragsampling method in the vegetation surrounding water pans used by ungulates in 3 distinct landscape compartments (i.e. national park, mixed compartment and communal lands) characterized by a differential use by wild and domestic hosts. We combined generalized linear mixed models with site occupancy models to (1) assess tick aggregation levels at different spatial scales, (2) identify and disentangle factors which influence the density and probability of tick detection, and (3) compare robust estimations of tick densities among the landscape compartments. Ticks belonging to the Amblyomma and Riphicephalus genuses were found to be the most abundant. At small scale, ticks were more often detected in the afternoon and were more abun-dant close to water pans for Amblyomma and Riphicephalus genuses. Riphicephalus spp. density was also higher in grassland and bushland vegetation types as compared to woodland vegetation type. At large scale, for the three detected genuses, density was much higher near water pans located in the communal lands as compared to the national park and mixed compartment. Given that host community's diversity is much lower in the communal areas than in the two other landscape compartments, these results are compatible with a dilution effect but not sufficient to demonstrate this effect without additional studies. Up to date, it is the first utilization of these rigorous sampling and statistical modelling methodologies to estimate tick density in African ecosystem simultaneously at large and small scales.

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Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s

Cited by 1,536 publications

References 33 publications

Macrofungal diversity in Colombian Amazon forests varies with regions and regimes of disturbance

Macrofungal diversity in Colombian Amazon forests varies with regions and regimes of disturbance

Responses of Soil Fungi to Logging and Oil Palm Agriculture in Southeast Asian Tropical Forests

Characterising African tick communities at a wild–domestic interface using repeated sampling protocols and models

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