Tropical Island Convection in the Absence of Significant Topography. Part I: Life Cycle of Diurnally Forced Convection

Carbone, Richard E.; Wilson, James W.; Keenan, T. D.; Hacker, Jörg

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<3459:ticita>2.0.co;2

Cited by 130 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Using observations from MCTEX, Carbone et al (2000) created a conceptual model of Hector development. Carbone et al (2000) suggest a flat, elliptical island of order 100-km resolution can act as an heat source and create an optimal condition for the initiation, organization, and propagation of convection.…”

Section: Numerical Simulations Of Hector Thunderstormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud-resolving chemistry simulation of a Hector thunderstorm

et al. 2013

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Cloud chemistry simulations were performed for a Hector thunderstorm observed on 16 November 2005 during the SCOUT-O3/ACTIVE campaigns based in Darwin, Australia, with the primary objective of estimating the average NO production per lightning flash in this unique storm type which occurred in a tropical island environment. The 3-D WRF-Aqueous Chemistry (WRF-AqChem) model is used for these calculations and contains the WRF nonhydrostatic cloud-resolving model with online gas- and aqueous-phase chemistry and a lightning-NO_x (LNO_x) production algorithm. The model was initialized by inducing convection with an idealized morning sounding and sensible heat source, and initial condition chemical profiles from merged aircraft observations in undisturbed air. Many features of the idealized model storm, such as storm size and peak radar reflectivity, were similar to the observed storm. Tracer species, such as CO, used to evaluate convective transport in the simulated storm found vertical motion from the boundary layer to the anvil region was well represented in the model, with a small overestimate of enhanced CO at anvil altitudes. The lightning detection network (LINET) provided lightning flash data for the model and a lightning placement scheme injected the resulting NO into the simulated cloud. A lightning NO production scenario of 500 moles flash⁻¹ for both CG and IC flashes yielded anvil NO_x mixing ratios that compared well with aircraft observations and were also similar to those deduced for several convective modeling analyses in the midlatitudes and subtropics. However, these NO production values were larger than most estimates for tropical thunderstorms and given several uncertainties, LNO_x production may have been as large as 600 moles flash⁻¹. Approximately 85% of the simulated LNO_x mass was located above 7 km in the later stages of the storm, which was greater than amounts found for subtropical and midlatitude convection. Modeled upper tropospheric NO₂ partial columns were also considerably greater than most satellite observations of tropical marine convective events, as tropical island convection, such as Hector, is more vigorous and more productive of LNO_x. Additional research is needed to investigate whether LNO_x production per flash increases in storms with greater wind shear, such as this Hector storm, which showed significant variation in wind direction with altitude

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Section: Numerical Simulations Of Hector Thunderstormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud-resolving chemistry simulation of a Hector thunderstorm

et al. 2013

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“…In this study, 12 real events (eight single-cell and two double-cell) are selected. Some of them (20 November 1995;23 November 1995;double-cell 27 November 1995;1 and 4 December 1995) were observed during MCTEX, a campaign held in late 1995 on the Tiwi Islands with the goal of monitoring the convective life cycle of the mesoscale convective system (Keenan and Carbone, 1992;Carbone et al, 2000). To simulate the events, the same configuration is used as in Ferretti and Gentile (2009) and Gentile et al (2014).…”

Section: Meteorological Characteristics Of the Hector Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The values of these parameters for the Hector events are summarized in Table 1. To better understand the dynamical conditions for the storm development, two parameters are added: the shear occurrence and the typology of the events (definition based on Carbone et al, 2000). All these quantities are derived from the ECMWF analysis at 00:00 UTC (09:30 LST).…”

Section: Meteorological Characteristics Of the Hector Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type A convection is generated by the convergence of two sea breeze fronts (Carbone et al, 2000), whereas type B is generated by the convergence of a single sea breeze front and a cold pool produced by previous convection (Crook, 2001;Gentile et al, 2014). For both double-cell events (N27, N30), the first convective cell develops from the convergence of the two sea breeze fronts (type A) and the second one from the interaction of the gust front of the first decaying cell (type B) with the north and the south sea breeze front, for N27 and N30, respectively (an exhaustive description of the meteorological characteristics of N30 is given by Ferretti and Gentile, 2009).…”

Section: Convection Type a Or Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly the MC-TEX campaign collected many environmental factors that are known or believed to influence the initiation, organization, propagation and intensity of deep convection. In addition this data set allowed two distinct forcing regimes leading to Hector to be defined (Carbone et al, 2000):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeking key meteorological parameters to better understand Hector

Gentile

Ferretti

2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Twelve Hector events, a storm which develops in northern Australia, are analyzed with the aim of identifying the main meteorological parameters involved in the storm's convective development. Based on Crook's ideal study (Crook, 2001), wind speed and direction, wind shear, water vapor, convective available potential energy and type of convection are the parameters used for this analysis. Both the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis and high-resolution simulations from the Fifth-Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) are used. The MM5 simulations are used to connect the mean vertical velocity to the total condensate at the maximum stage and to study the dynamics of the storms. The ECMWF analyses are used to evaluate the initial conditions and the environmental fields contributing to Hector's development. The analysis suggests that the strength of convection, defined in terms of vertical velocity, largely contributes to the vertical distribution of hydrometeors. The role of total condensate and mean lifting versus low-level moisture, convective available potential energy, surface wind and direction is analyzed for shear and no-shear conditions to evaluate the differences between type A and B for real events. Results confirm the tendency suggested by Crook's analysis. However, Crook's hypothesis of low-level moisture as the only parameter that differentiates between type A and B can only be applied if the events develop in the same meteorological conditions. Crook's tests also helped to assess how the meteorological parameters contribute to Hector's development in terms of percentage.

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Historical Overview of Numerical Weather Prediction

Kalnay

2003

Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water

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Tropical Island Convection in the Absence of Significant Topography. Part I: Life Cycle of Diurnally Forced Convection

Cited by 130 publications

References 37 publications

Cloud-resolving chemistry simulation of a Hector thunderstorm

Cloud-resolving chemistry simulation of a Hector thunderstorm

Seeking key meteorological parameters to better understand Hector

Historical Overview of Numerical Weather Prediction

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