Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Data and Services for Research and Applications

Liu, Zhong; Ostrenga, D.; Teng, William; Kempler, Steven

doi:10.1175/bams-d-11-00152.1

Cited by 192 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…(right) The respective zonal-mean precipitation over ocean (solid) and land (dashed). Data are from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (Liu et al 2012(Liu et al ) for 1998(Liu et al -2014 The data and methods employed are described in section 2. Some theoretical aspects of the zonally varying EFE are derived in section 3.…”

Section: Fig 1 (Left) Mean Precipitation (Mm Daymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Interannual Variations of the Energy Flux Equator and ITCZ. Part II: Zonally Varying Shifts of the ITCZ

2016

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The ITCZ lies at the ascending branch of the tropical meridional overturning circulation, where nearsurface meridional mass fluxes vanish. Near the ITCZ, column-integrated energy fluxes vanish, forming an atmospheric energy flux equator (EFE). This paper extends existing approximations relating the ITCZ position and EFE to the atmospheric energy budget by allowing for zonal variations. The resulting relations are tested using reanalysis data for 1979-2014. The zonally varying EFE is found as the latitude where the meridional component of the divergent atmospheric energy transport (AET) vanishes. A Taylor expansion of the AET around the equator relates the ITCZ position to derivatives of the AET. To a first order, the ITCZ position is proportional to the divergent AET across the equator; it is inversely proportional to the local atmospheric net energy input (NEI) that consists of the net energy fluxes at the surface, at the top of the atmosphere, and zonally across longitudes. The first-order approximation captures the seasonal migrations of the ITCZ in the African, Asian, and Atlantic sectors. In the eastern Pacific, a third-order approximation captures the bifurcation from single-to double-ITCZ states that occurs during boreal spring. In contrast to linear EFE theory, during boreal winter in the eastern Pacific, northward cross-equatorial AET goes along with an ITCZ north of the equator. EFE and ITCZ variations driven by ENSO are characterized by an equatorward (poleward) shift in the Pacific during El Niño (La Niña) episodes, which are associated with variations in equatorial ocean energy uptake.

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Section: Fig 1 (Left) Mean Precipitation (Mm Daymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Interannual Variations of the Energy Flux Equator and ITCZ. Part II: Zonally Varying Shifts of the ITCZ

2016

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“…1. Colors: Climatology of the annual-mean precipitation rate (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014) over oceans from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (Liu et al 2012). Red line: Zero contour of the 700-hPa annual-mean vertical velocity (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014) over oceans from the ERAInterim reanalysis (Dee et al 2011). temperature threshold and is not clearly related to physical constraints, such as the energy, mass, or moisture balances of the atmosphere.…”

Section: Definition Of Itcz Widthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic Constraints on the Width of the Intertropical Convergence Zone

Byrne

Schneider

2016

Journal of Climate

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The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) has been the focus of considerable research in recent years, with much of this work concerned with how the latitude of maximum tropical precipitation responds to natural climate variability and to radiative forcing. The width of the ITCZ, however, has received little attention despite its importance for regional climate and for understanding the general circulation of the atmosphere. This paper investigates the ITCZ width in simulations with an idealized general circulation model over a wide range of climates. The ITCZ, defined as the tropical region where there is time-mean ascent, displays rich behavior as the climate varies, widening with warming in cool climates, narrowing in temperate climates, and maintaining a relatively constant width in hot climates. The mass and energy budgets of the Hadley circulation are used to derive expressions for the area of the ITCZ relative to the area of the neighboring descent region, and for the sensitivity of the ITCZ area to changes in climate. The ITCZ width depends primarily on four quantities: the net energy input to the tropical atmosphere, the advection of moist static energy by the Hadley circulation, the transport of moist static energy by transient eddies, and the gross moist stability. Different processes are important for the ITCZ width in different climates, with changes in gross moist stability generally having a weak influence relative to the other processes. The results are likely to be useful for analyzing the ITCZ width in complex climate models and for understanding past and future climate change in the tropics.

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“…Daily TRMM 5 radar data during 1998-2009 were obtained through the TOVAS and utilized to produce rainfall map. TRMM Online Visualization and Analysis System (TOVAS), developed by the NASA, provides a user friendly web-based interface for visualization and analysis of TRMM gridded rainfall products and other precipitation data [25]. In this work, land use classification and map resolution (i.e.…”

Section: Data Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of CA-Markov for Simulation of Land Use and Cover Change in the Langat Basin, Malaysia

Memarian¹,

Balasundram²,

Talib³

et al. 2012

JGIS

108

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Validity of CA-Markov in land use and cover change simulation was investigated at the Langat Basin, Selangor, Malaysia. CA-Markov validation was performed using validation metrics, allocation disagreement, quantity disagreement, and figure of merit in a three-dimensional space. The figure of merit, quantity error, and allocation error for total landscape simulation using the 1990-1997 calibration data were 5.62%, 3.53%, and 6.13%, respectively. CA-Markov showed a poor performance for land use and cover change simulation due to uncertainties in the source data, the model, and future land use and cover change processes in the study area.

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Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Data and Services for Research and Applications

Cited by 192 publications

References 10 publications

Seasonal and Interannual Variations of the Energy Flux Equator and ITCZ. Part II: Zonally Varying Shifts of the ITCZ

Seasonal and Interannual Variations of the Energy Flux Equator and ITCZ. Part II: Zonally Varying Shifts of the ITCZ

Energetic Constraints on the Width of the Intertropical Convergence Zone

Validation of CA-Markov for Simulation of Land Use and Cover Change in the Langat Basin, Malaysia

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