Tropical to extratropical: Marine environmental changes associated with Superstorm Sandy prior to its landfall

Zambon, Joseph B.; He, Ruoying; Warner, John C.

doi:10.1002/2014gl061357

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Observations from the glider showed that downwelling-favorable winds limited the supply of cold bottom water to be mixed upward as Sandy approached (Figure 7). The glider observations also showed that surface cooling was limited to 1°C-2°C (Zambon et al, 2014), contributing only slightly to the weakening of Sandy over the continental shelf. In the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy, the multi-institutional TEMPESTS (The Experiment to Measure and Predict East coast STorm Strength) program was initiated to collect ocean observations for improved intensity forecasts of storms impacting the US northeast using moorings, ALAMO floats, and gliders.…”

Section: Alps-enabled Improvements In Tc Ocean-induced Dynamics and Imentioning

confidence: 89%

Autonomous and Lagrangian Ocean Observations for Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Studies and Forecasts

Goñi¹,

Todd²,

Jayne³

et al. 2017

Oceanog.

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Section: Alps-enabled Improvements In Tc Ocean-induced Dynamics and Imentioning

confidence: 89%

Autonomous and Lagrangian Ocean Observations for Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Studies and Forecasts

Goñi¹,

Todd²,

Jayne³

et al. 2017

Oceanog.

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“…Other capabilities, including an atmospheric model, are available in this coupled system and have been used to investigate Hurricane Sandy atmosphere -ocean dynamics (Zambon et al, 2014a(Zambon et al, , 2014b. This series of applications, however, utilized a set of atmospheric surface forcings (described below) and ran the other model components to focus on the oceanographic and wave response during the storm.…”

Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These in turn modify the atmospheric processes and feedback to the ocean and wave dynamics. Model coupling has been shown: 1) to increase predictability of sea surface temperatures for simulating Hurricane Isabel (2003;Warner et al, 2010); 2) the effects of waves to increase the sea surface roughness thus creating reduced wind speeds and producing more accurate atmosphere -ocean dynamic during Nor'Ida (2009;Olabarrieta et al, 2012); 3) to provide more accurate intensity predictions for Hurricane Ivan due to sea surface temperature feedbacks Zambon et al, 2014a); 4) that there was a lack of significant ocean feedback on the hurricane intensity dynamics for Hurricane Sandy because of its fast translation speed (2012; Zambon et al, 2014b); and 5) the significance of air-sea exchanges during extratropical cyclones (Nelson et al, 2014) and coastal storm events (Renault et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inner-shelf ocean dynamics and seafloor morphologic changes during Hurricane Sandy

Warner

Schwab

List

et al. 2017

Continental Shelf Research

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A B S T R A C THurricane Sandy was one of the most destructive hurricanes in US history, making landfall on the New Jersey coast on October 30, 2012. Storm impacts included several barrier island breaches, massive coastal erosion, and flooding. While changes to the subaerial landscape are relatively easily observed, storm-induced changes to the adjacent shoreface and inner continental shelf are more difficult to evaluate. These regions provide a framework for the coastal zone, are important for navigation, aggregate resources, marine ecosystems, and coastal evolution. Here we provide unprecedented perspective regarding regional inner continental shelf sediment dynamics based on both observations and numerical modeling over time scales associated with these types of large storm events. Oceanographic conditions and seafloor morphologic changes are evaluated using both a coupled atmospheric-ocean-wave-sediment numerical modeling system that covered spatial scales ranging from the entire US east coast (1000 s of km) to local domains (10 s of km). Additionally, the modeled response for the region offshore of Fire Island, NY was compared to observational analysis from a series of geologic surveys from that location. The geologic investigations conducted in 2011 and 2014 revealed lateral movement of sedimentary structures of distances up to 450 m and in water depths up to 30 m, and vertical changes in sediment thickness greater than 1 m in some locations. The modeling investigations utilize a system with grid refinement designed to simulate oceanographic conditions with progressively increasing resolutions for the entire US East Coast (5-km grid), the New York Bight (700-m grid), and offshore of Fire Island, NY (100-m grid), allowing larger scale dynamics to drive smaller scale coastal changes. Model results in the New York Bight identify maximum storm surge of up to 3 m, surface currents on the order of 2 ms −1 along the New Jersey coast, waves up to 8 m in height, and bottom stresses exceeding 10 Pa. Flow down the Hudson Shelf Valley is shown to result in convergent sediment transport and deposition along its axis. Modeled sediment redistribution along Fire Island showed erosion across the crests of inner shelf sand ridges and sedimentation in adjacent troughs, consistent with the geologic observations.

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“…Kossin (2018) indicates that the average translation speed for NIO storms is in the range of 3.5-4 mÁs −1 . Owing to these factors, the underestimation of the simulated storm-induced cooling can be mainly attributed to the limitation of the OML model, which can be rectified by coupling with a 3D ocean model (Zambon et al, 2014b;Prakash and Pant, 2017).…”

Section: Storm-induced Ocean Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To replace the OML, several studies on the application of sophisticated atmosphere–ocean coupled models for the TC cases have indicated the impact of oceans on the atmosphere, and vice versa (e.g. Warner et al ., ; ; Zambon et al ., , 2014b). For the BOB, the recent TC simulation study by Prakash et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ocean mixed‐layer depth initialization on the simulation of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal using the WRF‐ARW model

Viswanadhapalli

Kattamanchi

Vissa

et al. 2019

Meteorological Applications

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The sensitivity of the simulated tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and tracks to the different ocean mixed‐layer depth (MLD) initializations is studied using coupled weather research and forecasting (WRF) and ocean mixed‐layer (OML) models. Four sets of numerical experiments are conducted for two TCs formed during the pre‐ and post‐monsoon. In the control run (CONTROL), the WRF model is initialized without coupling. In the second experiment, the WRF‐OML model is initialized by prescribing the MLD as a constant depth of 50 m (MLD‐CONST). In the third experiment, the spatial varying MLD obtained from the formulation of depth of the isothermal layer (MLD‐TEMP) is used. For the fourth experiment (MLD‐DENS), the model is initialized with the density‐based MLD obtained from ARMOR‐3D data. The results indicate that the CONTROL exhibits an early intensification phase with a faster translation movement, leading to early landfall and the production of large track deviations. The coupled OML simulations captured the deepening phase close to the observed estimates, resulting in the reduction of errors in both the vector and along the tracks of the storm. The initialization of the different estimates of the MLD in the WRF‐OML shows that the TC intensity and translation speed are sensitive to the initial representation of the MLD for the post‐monsoon storm. The gradual improvements in the intensity and translation speed of the storm with the realistic representation of the OML are mainly due to the storm‐induced cooling, which in turn alters the simulated enthalpy fluxes supplied to the TC, leading to the better representation of secondary circulation and the rapid intensification of the storm.

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Tropical to extratropical: Marine environmental changes associated with Superstorm Sandy prior to its landfall

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

Autonomous and Lagrangian Ocean Observations for Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Studies and Forecasts

Autonomous and Lagrangian Ocean Observations for Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Studies and Forecasts

Inner-shelf ocean dynamics and seafloor morphologic changes during Hurricane Sandy

Impact of ocean mixed‐layer depth initialization on the simulation of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal using the WRF‐ARW model

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