Tropospheric ozone and its natural precursors impacted by climatic changes in emission and dynamics

Abstract

Climate change plus ozone pollution is a lethal combination that adversely affects human health, agriculture productivity, ecosystems, and the world economy. Currently, there is a growing concern that climate change may aggravate ozone pollution even after reducing anthropogenic precursor source activities. Part of it may be due to temperature-enhanced natural precursor emissions of ozone, increased stratospheric–tropospheric exchange of ozone, more frequent periods with meteorologically stagnant conditions favouring pollution build-up, changes in wetland methane emissions, and enhanced concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The quantification of climate change and ozone levels involves complex chemical, radiative, biogenic, and transport processes and feedback that are difficult to fully comprehend. Further, the fact that ozone is a short-lived climate forcer and a potent greenhouse gas provides a feedback loop and makes climate-ozone links even more multifaceted. This review examines the up-to-date understanding of the processes regulating tropospheric ozone from regional to global scales and the associated climate connections. We explore the recent findings in ozone precursor emissions from natural sources, ozone formation chemistry, its transport on hemispheric scales, future plausible ozone concentrations in different shared socioeconomic pathways, and changes in the radiative forcing of ozone. The review demonstrates the challenges and limitations associated with climate-ozone linkages and their incorporation in models, which are due to uncertainties in magnitude and signs of projected precursor emissions in response to future climate change and also due to the difference in models.

New Hybrid Ethylenediurea (EDU) Derivatives and Their Phytoactivity

“…It consists of two moieties: an imidazolidinone and an N-phenylurea residue, connected by a short linker. EDU can be used to protect plants from tropospheric ozone (O 3 ), whose content in the air has increased significantly over the past thirty years [ 7 ]. The increased concentration of tropospheric ozone reduces crop yields due to oxidative stress.…”

“…Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. The statistical significance was determined by Student's t test based on p < 0.05 (*) and p < 0.01 (**) 7…”

A comprehensive assessment of yield loss in rice due to surface ozone pollution in India during 2005–2020: A great concern for food security

“…Tropospheric ozone is the third most powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) after CO 2 and CH 4 (IPCC, 2021;Whaley et al, 2023) in terms of contribution to the total tropospheric radiative forcing (Dewan and Lakhani, 2022). It is a secondary air pollutant created by the photochemical reactions of its precursors, CH 4 , NO x , CO and Volatile organic compounds (VOCs).…”

Influence of Wind Flows on Surface O3 Variation over a Coastal Province in Southeast China

“…In addition to the anthropogenic emissions of O 3 precursors, the variation in surface O 3 concentrations is also controlled by meteorological processes, which are often the direct causes of severe pollution episodes [6,7]. Meteorology can not only determine the environmental conditions for O 3 chemical reactions, but also influence the emissions of natural biogenic VOCs serving as O 3 precursors [8]. Moreover, meteorology also controls the transport of O 3 and its precursors from region to region [9][10][11][12].…”