Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is capable of inducing global Ca2؉ increases via a lysosome-associated mechanism, but the mechanism mediating NAADP-induced intracellular Ca 2؉ release remains unclear. The present study reconstituted and characterized a lysosomal NAADP-sensitive Ca 2؉ release channel using purified lysosomes from rat liver. Furthermore, the identity of lysosomal NAADP-sensitive Ca 2؉ release channels was also investigated. It was found that NAADP activates lysosomal Ca 2؉ release channels at concentrations of 1 nM to 1 M, but this activating effect of NAADP was significantly reduced when the concentrations used increased to 10 or 100 M. Either activators or blockers of Ca 2؉ release channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) had no effect on the activity of these NAADP-activated Ca 2؉ release channels. Interestingly, the activity of this lysosomal NAADP-sensitive Ca 2؉ release channel increased when the pH in cis solution decreased, but it could not be inhibited by a lysosomal H ؉ -ATPase antagonist, bafilomycin A1. However, the activity of this channel was significantly inhibited by plasma membrane L-type Ca 2؉ channel blockers such as verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine, or the nonselective Ca 2؉ , Na ؉ channel blocker, amiloride. In addition, blockade of TRP-ML1 (transient receptor potential-mucolipin 1) protein by anti-TRP-ML1 antibody markedly attenuated NAADP-induced activation of these lysosomal Ca 2؉ channels. These results for the first time provide direct evidence that a NAADP-sensitive Ca 2؉ release channel is present in the lysosome of native liver cells and that this channel is associated with TRP-ML1, which is different from ER/SR Ca 2؉ release channels.