True Photoallergy to Sunscreens Is Rare Despite Popular Belief

Shaw, Tatyana; Simpson, Brenda; Wilson, B S Joshua; Oostman, Holly; Rainey, David; Storrs, Frances J.

doi:10.2310/6620.2010.10016

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The use of Ti(IV) oxalate hydrate (TiC 4 O 9 H 2 • x H 2 O) as a patch test salt was first described in 1975 . Only recently has it been as an alternative to TiO 2 in clinical practice . Chemotechnique Diagnostics initially labelled it as Ti(III) oxalate decahydrate; later, this was corrected to Ti(IV) oxalate hydrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study on titanium sensitivity: Patch test materials and manifestations

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTitanium is being increasingly used. Although it is considered to be a non‐allergenic material, allergic reactions to it have been reported. Titanium dioxide has been found to be an unreliable patch test material. Few studies to date have profiled titanium allergy, and it therefore remains difficult to distinguish its manifestations.ObjectivesTo evaluate alternatives for titanium dioxide as a patch test preparation, and to profile titanium reactions and manifestations.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted with 458 patients who underwent patch testing with at least 1 of 5 different titanium salts.ResultsAt least 1 positive result was noted in 5.7% of the patients. The frequency of positive results for the tested salts ranged from 0.9% to 7.9%. Titanium(IV) oxalate hydrate had the highest yield and titanium dioxide the lowest. Erythema, dermatitis and local swelling were the most common objective complaints. In 16 (61.5%) patients, the test result had partial or full clinical relevance.ConclusionsNo titanium‐specific risk factors and clinical picture could be identified. Titanium dioxide is not adequately sensitive for identifying titanium allergy. The titanium salts seem to be possible superior patch test preparations, but appear to be unsuitable if used singly. The patient's medical history and clinical picture remain crucial in the diagnostic work‐up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study on titanium sensitivity: Patch test materials and manifestations

et al. 2018

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“…1,2 PACD has particular relevance in the area of drug and cosmetic safety, as well as in occupational medicine. [3][4][5][6] PACD is considered as an uncommon or rare condition, and limited data are available concerning incidence. In Italy, the observed rate of any reported photosensitivity reaction to drugs (including photoallergy and phototoxicity from topical and systemic agents) was 1.86 per million inhabitants per year (corresponding to 5.5 per 100 000 adverse reactions reported).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a clinical score system for the diagnosis of photoallergic contact dermatitis using a consensus process: item selection and reliability

Cazzaniga

Lecchi

Bruze

et al. 2014

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…156 In an investigation of photopatch testing from 2000 to 2005 at the Mayo Clinic, PABA was responsible for the second largest number of photoallergic reactions of the UV filters (after benzophenone-4) and had the sixth highest number of allergic contact reactions of the 34 allergens used in that particular photopatch test series. 38 However, in the European Multicenter Photopatch Test Study conducted in 2010 to 2011, 19 UV filters including this agent and 5 topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were photopatch and patch tested, and octyl dimethyl PABA caused none of the 346 PACD or 55 ACD reactions. 105 Although PABA is a frequent positive found on patch testing, it is in relatively infrequent clinical use; a recent update documented that only 2% of sunscreens in the United States contained PABA or a derivative.…”

Section: Paba and Ester Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…111 All three of these chemicals are strong photosensitizers. 38 Benzophenone-2 is not as commonly used in sunscreens as other benzophenones, and the paucity of data on adverse reactions could be due to lack of patch testing to this agent. Although there are no data that indicate that other benzophenones used as UV filters interact with octocrylene or ketoprofen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as tiaprofenic acid and the cholesterol-lowering agent fenofibrate have been shown to cross-react.…”

Section: Benzophenonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Reactions to Sunscreen Agents

Heurung

Raju

Warshaw³

2014

Dermatitis

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Sunscreen is a key component in the preventive measures recommended by dermatologists and public health campaigns aimed at reducing sunburn, early skin aging, and skin cancer. To maximize compliance, adverse reactions to sunscreens should be minimized. Although inactive ingredients cause many of these reactions, it is important for dermatologists to be aware of reactions to active ultraviolet filters. There are approximately 120 chemicals that can function as ultraviolet (UV) filters. This review focuses on the 36 most common filters in commercial and historical use. Of these, 16 are approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration. The benzophenones and dibenzoylmethanes are the most commonly implicated UV filters causing allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) reactions; benzophenone-3 is the leading allergen and photoallergen within this class. When clinically indicated, patch and photopatch testing should be performed to common UV filters.

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True Photoallergy to Sunscreens Is Rare Despite Popular Belief

Cited by 27 publications

References 63 publications

A retrospective study on titanium sensitivity: Patch test materials and manifestations

A retrospective study on titanium sensitivity: Patch test materials and manifestations

Development of a clinical score system for the diagnosis of photoallergic contact dermatitis using a consensus process: item selection and reliability

Adverse Reactions to Sunscreen Agents

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