True Resistant Hypertension among Treated Hypertensive Black Patients. A Clinical-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence, Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Comorbidities of Resistant Hypertension among Treated Hypertensives in a Nigerian Population

“…Risk factors that have been associated with RH in African and non-African populations include increasing age, obesity, DM, family history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and sedentary living [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. In our study, we found that hypertensive patients who are male, obese, and diabetic are more likely to have RH.…”

“…Family history of hypertension (p = 0.053) did not show a significant association while those with HF (p < 0.001) were less likely to have RH compared with those without RH. Previous African studies on RH revealed that the prevalence of RH range from 4.9 to 19% [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

“…In the only study in the review that measured out-of-office BP, Yameogo et al found a prevalence of 14.6% among 692 hypertensives with office BP of ≥ 140/90 mmHg and ambulatory BP of ≥ 130/80 mmHg, but without the use of guideline-recommended antihypertensive combinations [31]. More recently, Kuntonda et al, in a retrospective cohort study, reported a prevalence of 9.4% for true RH after 24-hour ABPM [29], while in another recent Ghanaian multi-center study, the prevalence of apparent RH was 18.9% [30]. Our study's prevalence is within the range of previous studies but may approximate the true prevalence because of the use of guidelinerecommended antihypertensives, longer duration of hypertension, longitudinal BP control through optimal or best tolerated antihypertensive doses, and assessment of adherence and lifestyle modification.…”

Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Resistant Hypertension in Egyptian Population

“…Furthermore, a metaanalysis study testified an incidence of 12.1% in Africa [21]. Also, the prevalence was reported by 14.3% from Lesotho [22], 19.0% from Algeria [23], 8.6% from Ethiopia [24], and 9.4% from the Democratic Republic of the Congo [25]. This discrepancy is substantial, which could be attributed to the variance in patient demographics, medicinal interventions, and clinical characterisation.…”