True Time Delay Optical Beamforming Network Based on Hybrid Inp-Silicon Nitride Integration

Tsokos, Christos; Andrianopoulos, Efstathios; Raptakis, Adam; Lyras, Nikolaos K.; Gounaridis, Lefteris; Groumas, Panos; Timens, Roelof Bernardus; Visscher, Ilka; Grootjans, Robert; Wefers, Lennart S.; Geskus, Dimitri; Klein, E.J.; Avramopoulos, H.; Heideman, René; Kouloumentas, Christos; Roeloffzen, C.G.H.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3089881

Cited by 35 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The basic element of the photonic integrated circuit (PIC), which is essential for fulfilling beamsteering, is the delay line (DL). The DL can be implemented using Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI), 4-6 photonic crystals (PC), 7,8 integrated Bragg gratings (IBG), [9][10][11][12] microring resonators (MRR), 3,13,14 and arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG). Thus, the proposed PIC design for beamsteering contains the following elements: Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), couplers, splitters, and delay lines based on MZI.…”

Section: The Approaches To Implement Ttd Based On the Photonic Integr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic integrated circuit model for phased antenna array beam steering

Stepanov,

Ivanov,

Lopukhova

et al. 2023

Optical Technologies for Telecommunications 2022

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The up-to-the-date electrical systems for beamsteering of the phased antenna arrays are widely used; however, possessing significant drawbacks, including high losses, electromagnetic interference, and high power consumption. To overcome these challenges, microwave photonic systems, both discrete and integrated, have demonstrated outstanding potential. In this context, we discuss the two primary methods for beamsteering, i.e., true time delay (TTD) and phase shift (PS). This paper provides simulation results for a four-channel photonic integrated circuit (PIC) for beamsteering based on the TTD method. The PIC design could be implemented on any fabrication platform. The results demonstrate the approach's feasibility and its potential to improve the performance of phased array antenna systems.

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Section: The Approaches To Implement Ttd Based On the Photonic Integr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic integrated circuit model for phased antenna array beam steering

Stepanov,

Ivanov,

Lopukhova

et al. 2023

Optical Technologies for Telecommunications 2022

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“…If only a single moving beam is needed, a simple corporate network structure is sufficient to realise the OBFN, such as in [31][32] [33][34] [35][36] using different PSs and TTD implementations. Figure 3 and 4 illustrate two potential solutions for extending the network to employ more simultaneous beams [12][29] [37].…”

Section: Sar Antenna Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Beamforming Concepts for Wide-Swath Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems

Ydreborg,

Huber,

Krieger

2023

2023 Photonics &Amp; Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)

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High-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) imaging using scan-on-receive (SCORE) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with one or multiple simultaneous beams is being heavily investigated using digital beamforming paradigms. However, a contender is analogue beamforming using photonics. In this work, the feasibility of photonics enhanced beamforming in SAR systems in higher frequency bands and bandwidths is investigated using a state-of-the-art SAR system as a comparison. The most common performance indicators are derived and an example SAR system is devised, with a discussion on potential antenna configurations. The integrated microwave photonics (IMWP) platforms available and most suited to SAR systems is discussed, including architectures and materials. Additionally, an investigation into system noise and dynamic range performance reveals a number of essential challenges that need to be addressed, including the reduction of losses an thereby the required number of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) and the noise performance of the laser(s). The reconfiguration speed of beamforming phase shifters and true-time delay (TTD) elements are essential for SCORE operation with a large number of beams, which limits the viable materials used for these elements. The current state of IMWP indicate that these advanced systems with many beams and channels is very difficult to realize for SAR and implementations in simpler systems are more viable. However, the rapid development of IMWP indicate that these beamforming systems will soon be viable for SAR.

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“…In recent years, with the rapid development of integrated optics, the implementation of optical phased array antennas in beamforming networks using on-chip optical chips has become a research hotspot [47,48]. In [48], the authors designed a seven-bit true-time-delay module using a silicon-based optical platform, and the delay adjustment step was able to reach 1.42 ps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband Beam-Scanning Phased Array Based on Microwave Photonics

Luan,

Yang,

Ren

et al. 2024

Electronics

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A one-dimensional active broadband phased array based on microwave photonics that works in the Ku band is proposed to achieve a large instantaneous bandwidth. The phased array uses a feeding network based on microwave photonics to provide the true time delay and a wide operating bandwidth. The array is mainly composed of a broadband horn antenna, an RF transmitting/receiving module, an optical network module, and a temperature control module. The form of a horn was selected for the antenna unit, and it was fed through a waveguide to obtain a wide operating bandwidth. An optical fiber delay line that could realize the true time delay at different frequencies was adopted for the time-delay module of the optical network. To obtain a large time delay and small quantization error, a hybrid time-delay diagram utilizing electrical and optical time delays was used in the design. In addition, a temperature control module was added to the antenna system to enhance the stability of the photonic time-delay module. For verification, a prototype of the presented antenna system was designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results showed that the optical phased array antenna was able to scan ±20° from 12 GHz to 17 GHz, and the beam pointing did not appear to be offset over the wide operating bandwidth.

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True Time Delay Optical Beamforming Network Based on Hybrid Inp-Silicon Nitride Integration

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Photonic integrated circuit model for phased antenna array beam steering

Photonic integrated circuit model for phased antenna array beam steering

Optical Beamforming Concepts for Wide-Swath Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems

Broadband Beam-Scanning Phased Array Based on Microwave Photonics

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