“…Hence, we propose the following hypotheses: Coupled OI, in essence, is about a focal firm having strategic R&D alliances with partners. Relative to inbound OI, the partnerships associated with coupled OI are longer-term and offer continuity and cost-and risk-sharing (Narula and Hagedoorn, 1999;Robertson et al, 2012;Sivusuo and Takala, 2018;Spithoven et al, 2013). This gives the focal firm more incentives to invest in leveraging SRC internally and aligning SRC with coupled OI practices (Douma et al, 2000).…”