Trust-Aware Consensus-Inspired Distributed Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

Cooperation among cognitive radios for spectrum sensing is deemed essential for environments with deep shadows. In this paper, we study cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio ad hoc networks where there is no fusion center to aggregate the information from various secondary users. We propose a novel consensus-inspired cooperative sensing scheme based on linear iterations that is fully distributed and low-cost. In addition, the trade-offs on the number of consensus iterations are explored for scenarios with different shadow fading characteristics. Furthermore, we model Insistent Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification (ISSDF) attack aimed at consensus-based iterative schemes and show its destructive effect on the cooperation performance which accordingly results in reduced spectrum efficiency and increased interference with primary users. We propose a trust management scheme to mitigate these attacks and evaluate the performance improvement through extensive Monte Carlo simulations for large-scale cognitive radio ad hoc networks in TV white space. Our proposed trust management reduces the harm of a set of collusive ISSDF attackers up to two orders of magnitude in terms of missed-detection and false alarm error rates. Moreover, in a hostile environment, integration of trust management into cooperative schemes considerably relaxes the sensitivity requirements on the cognitive radio devices.Index Terms-Dynamic spectrum access, Cognitive radio ad hoc networks, Distributed consensus-based cooperative spectrum sensing, Trust management, Insistent spectrum sensing data falsification attack

Mitigating spectrum sensing data falsification attack in ad hoc cognitive radio networks

“…Most of the research activities for mitigating SSDF attack mainly focussed on infrastructure‐based CRN, where a base station (aka , FC) makes the final sensing decision. However, the same study is still at an infant stage for infrastructure‐less CRN with few works found in other studies . Most of the literature in infrastructure‐less CRN adopted consensus algorithms for resisting SSDF attack.…”

“…Trust‐based literatures, which used consensus algorithm for countering SSDF attack are found in infrastructure‐less CRN . Bhattacharjee et al proposed a trust‐based monitoring mechanism to counter against SSDF attack in ad hoc CRNs.…”

“…For tackling such attack, the authors have used a consensus‐based trust management scheme. The extended version of the work is found in Vosoughi et al, where the authors have taken care of collusive ISSDF attack. Further, the authors have used of an outlier detection scheme in combination with the proposed trust management scheme.…”

Robust and Low‐Complexity Cooperative Spectrum Sensing via Low‐Rank Matrix Recovery in Cognitive Vehicular Networks

“…Some studies have recently considered an attack model known as SSDF [32][33][34], which is a fatal threat to CSS. There are several typical attack patterns under the SSDF model, which are known as always opposite (AO), always busy (AB), always free (AF), and random disguising.…”

Improved weighted average consensus in distributed cooperative spectrum sensing networks

“…This technique requires only the knowledge of the noise and using the Anderson‐Darling test . Furthermore, in the work of Vosoughi et al, a trust‐aware consensus was applied in the DCSS using gossip algorithm. In the work of Soatti et al, a technique named weighted AC accuracy exchange (WAC‐AE) was proposed to solve the localisation problem in networks equipped with several fixed nodes ensuring similar performance to the WAC and optimal ML but with fast convergence.…”