The Nodes equipped with wireless technology cooperate in an autonomous and instantaneous way to form a mobile ad hoc network. It turns out that several factors make this type of network vulnerable to various security threats. Considering the sensitivity of user data routed through nodes, routing security should be a priority in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). Techniques and schemes have been proposed to secure the basic routing protocols in order to guarantee the availability of information routing services between network nodes. The majority of the solutions presented in the literature belong to two categories, namely those that use cryptographic techniques and those that use trust schemes. Given the characteristics of MANET networks, we need approaches that guarantee a level of honesty of the nodes to prevent possible routing attacks from malicious nodes. This study presents the security extensions of the basic routing protocols AODV, DSR and DSDV.A first part is devoted to extensions based on cryptography and a second part introduces extensions using trusted systems. Then we discussed and analyzed them while drawing up a comparative table to measure the effectiveness of the mechanisms used as well as the limits and strengths of each proposed extensions. In this study, we conclude that a new trust model that combines an access strategy with lightweight techniques must be developed to ensure honest node behavior can be a key to securing the routing protocol in MANET.