Trust-based lightweight security protocol for device to device multihop cellular communication (TLwS)

Abstract

This current study was conducted to establish a bolted connection experimental database on Malaysia woods. The effort of improving the retrofit guideline in designing the walldiaphragm connections of masonry buildings can be continuously done. Brittle failure verifications on the Meraka hardwood to verify the occurrence of row shear failure are presented in this paper. The hardwood species was selected due to its common use as structural rafters and joists in the construction of roof and floor diaphragms of masonry buildings, respectively. Ten groups of a single row of steel-wood-steel (SWS) connections loaded parallel to the timber grain were tested. Each group was prepared with a total of ten replicates of specimens. Comparisons of bolted connection strength between the experimental results and the predictions of the existing design equations are discussed. It was found that the timber standard of Malaysia (MS544) too conservative in estimating the strength, whilst the Row Shear Model (RSM) is more comparative.

Lightweight Multifactor Authentication Scheme for NextGen Cellular Networks

“…By taking few assumptions like identity can be shared publicly, communication channels are always secure, and some of the credentials can be sent without encryption, the timestamp cannot be modified, single hashing can resolve the integrity problem and cryptosystem is free of quantum brute force and password guessing attacks [12]- [15]. However, several researchers believed that if the above-mentioned assumptions are not carefully addressed, they can lead towards common MAC layer attacks [6], [16]- [18] For instance, an identity reveals attack can lead to theft of identity, which leads towards impersonation attack or man in the middle attack.…”

“…Hence, the developed solution must consider a low computation device. Owing to this issue, many of the proposed solutions may be vulnerable to new era attacks [6]. Numerous techniques and approaches focused on secure data transfer, some others focused on authentication and key agreements.…”

“…However, typical D2D communication in LTE-A/5G, when allowed to work as intelligent forwarding agent relays, consequently, exposed the communication to several security vulnerabilities and breaches, for instance, quantum attacks, 51% attacks [3], man in the middle (MITM) attack, masquerading attack, denial of service (DoS) attack, rouge relay attack and privacy issues in current 5G/6G cellular networks. Several security schemes have been proposed for D2D communication security which includes River Shamir Adleman (RSA) [4], Diffie Hellman (DH) [5], Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) [6]- [8] , Elliptic Curve Cryptography with Diffie Hellman (ECDH) [9], [10] are few combinations that have been used. These security challenges are more crucial and harder to mitigate because of the resourceconstrained nature of cellular devices.…”

“…This paper is the extension of our previously published work where a trust-based lightweight security scheme (TLWS) for D2D multihop communication is proposed. This proposed scheme utilized an elliptic curve and Elgamal cryptosystem assisted with a secure hashing algorithm, timestamps, and blindfold challenge for secure communication and key agreements [6]. However, in this paper, we propose a lightweight multifactor authentication security scheme for a multihop scenario that can mitigate the above-mentioned attacks with reduced authentication overhead, computation cost, and lower communication cost.…”

Analysis and Intellectual Structure of the Multi-Factor Authentication in Information Security

“…In the current era, two-level or multilevel security is getting a lot of attention where multiple factors are considered for implementing security. In this way, security can be ensured to mitigate attacks caused by human carelessness, lack of awareness, and other bot attacks to protect sensitive data from possible security attacks [1][2][3][4][5][6] like distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks [7][8][9][10] as the first line of defense. Furthermore, information security is big factor to implement internet of things (IoT) for smart cities [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] using software-defined networking [SDN] [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], named data networking (NDN) [27][28][29] and cloud computing network [30] with voice over IP (VoIP) [31][32][33][34] fiber optic [35][36][37], worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) [37][38][39][40], swarm intelligence (SI) [41], artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) [42], deep learning (DL)…”