Trust, social categories, and individuals: The case of gender

Orbell, John; Dawes, Robyn M.; Schwartz‐Shea, Peregrine

doi:10.1007/bf02249396

Cited by 112 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Stereotyping may be done at the broadest level, such as gender (e.g., Orbell, Dawes, and Schwartz-Shea, 1994), or at more specific levels, such as prejudices against specific small groups. These prejudices may cause immediate distrust between majority and minority groups (Johnson & Johnson, 1989: 108).…”

Section: Reputation May Reflect Either What Is Known About the Person Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Trust Formation in New Organizational Relationships

McKnight¹,

Cummings²,

Chervany³

1998

The Academy of Management Review

1,266

1,223

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ABSTRACT:Trust is a key enabler of cooperative human actions. Three main deficiencies about our current knowledge of trust are addressed by this paper. First, due to widely divergent conceptual definitions of trust, the literature on trust is in a state of construct confusion. Second, too little is understood about how trust forms and on what trust is based. Third, little has been discussed about the role of emotion in trust formation.To address the first deficiency, this paper develops a typology of trust. The rest of the paper addresses the second and third deficiencies by proposing a model of how trust is initially formed, including the role of emotion. Dispositional, interpersonal, and impersonal (system) trust are integrated in the model. The paper also clarifies the cognitive and emotional bases on which interpersonal trust is formed in early relationships. The implications of the model are drawn for future research.

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Section: Reputation May Reflect Either What Is Known About the Person Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Trust Formation in New Organizational Relationships

McKnight¹,

Cummings²,

Chervany³

1998

The Academy of Management Review

1,266

1,223

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In fact, women are expected to cooperate more than men in a social dilemma (e.g., Orbell et al, 1994), and this belief especially exists among women (Aguiar, Branas-Garza, Cobo-Reyes, Jimenez, & Miller, 2009;Greig & Bohnet, 2009;Lacy, 1978). Because women (and men) are evaluated negatively when they engage in counter-stereotypical behaviors (Costrich et al, 1975), they may be motivated to conform to their stereotypes.…”

Section: Cooperation In Mixed-sex Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in cooperation: A meta-analytic review of social dilemmas.

Balliet

Macfarlan

et al. 2011

Psychological Bulletin

285

234

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Although it is commonly believed that women are kinder and more cooperative than men, there is conflicting evidence for this assertion. Current theories of sex differences in social behavior suggest that it may be useful to examine in what situations men and women are likely to differ in cooperation. Here, we derive predictions from both sociocultural and evolutionary perspectives on context-specific sex differences in cooperation, and we conduct a unique meta-analytic study of 272 effect sizes-sampled across 50 years of research-on social dilemmas to examine several potential moderators. The overall average effect size is not statistically different from zero (d ϭ -0.05), suggesting that men and women do not differ in their overall amounts of cooperation. However, the association between sex and cooperation is moderated by several key features of the social context: Male-male interactions are more cooperative than female-female interactions (d ϭ 0.16), yet women cooperate more than men in mixed-sex interactions (d ϭ -0.22). In repeated interactions, men are more cooperative than women. Women were more cooperative than men in larger groups and in more recent studies, but these differences disappeared after statistically controlling for several study characteristics. We discuss these results in the context of both sociocultural and evolutionary theories of sex differences, stress the need for an integrated biosocial approach, and outline directions for future research.

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“…Category-based trust constitutes another substitute or proxy for individualized knowledge about others ( Orbell et al , 1994 ). Categorybased trust refers to trust predicated on information regarding a trustee ' s membership in a social or organizational category -information which, when salient, often unknowingly infl uences others ' judgments about their trustworthiness.…”

Section: Relational and Structural Underpinnings Of Collective Trust:mentioning

confidence: 99%