“…While the focus on vocabulary in literacy instruction tends to be dominant in practice, a different approach focusing on reading-and writing-to-learn pedagogies is influenced or driven by education researchers (For a comprehensive review, see Pearson et al, 2010;Wright et al, 2016;Yang, Kuo, & Jiang, 2020). Examples of these pedagogies include Seeds of Science, Roots of Reading (Barber, Pearson, & Cervetti, 2006;Robertson & Elliott, 2020), Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction (Brown & Concannon, 2016;Guthrie, Wigfield, & Perencevich, 2004), Science Writing Heuristic (Hand, Shelley, Laugerman, Fostvedt, & Therrien, 2018), and Budding Science and Literacy Program (Sørvik et al, 2015).…”