Truthmakers for negative truths

Molnár, George

doi:10.1080/00048400012349361

Cited by 161 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…This excerpt aligns with Molnar's [21] perception that a sense of 'empty space' may be formed by expectations. When certain things that are expected to be in a space are lacking, the space may be perceived as empty.…”

Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…According to this perspective, the perception of a space being 'empty' is an outcome of cognitive attitude or belief, rather than of direct visual space perception. Molnar [21] adds the cognitive attribute of expectations, as also playing a role in shaping our perception of a space being 'empty' or 'full'.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we were interested in examining the philosophical idea that perception of 'empty space': (i) is a cognitive attitudinal disposition [19]; (ii) is more likely to be associated with a negative attitude; (iii) causes discomfort [20], and therefore may elicit a need to fill in the space; and (iv) is shaped by expectations [21].…”

Section: How Is the Environment Perceived By Children In Regard To Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perception of Space among Children Studying Their Local Grasslands: Examining Attitudes and Behavioural Intentions

Eilam

Garrard

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:The study examined children's perception of space in the context of place-based education. It investigates: the cognitive attitudinal dispositions involved in perceiving space as 'empty'; and, how students' attitudes toward one grassland site inform their attitudes and behavioural intentions when applied to similar spaces which are spatially and temporally remote. A group of urban primary students participated in a four-month environmental education program in which the students were immersed in a local grassland reserve through repeated visits and learning about grasslands. Data collection included surveys and a focus group activity concerning future neighbourhood planning. The results indicate that the children perceived as 'empty' spaces which were un-built, lacked human activities, or were un-identified on a map of the area. Students presented negative attitudes toward 'empty spaces' and were inclined to 'fill' them. In regard to future planning of their neighbourhood, high consistency was found between the students' positive attitudes and their intentions to preserve the studied grassland site. This alignment between attitudes and behavioural intentions became disentangled when applied to remote sites at future times. While attitudes remained positive, behavioural intentions were willing to forsake grassland sites. The implications of the findings to environmental education are discussed.

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Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Is the Environment Perceived By Children In Regard To Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perception of Space among Children Studying Their Local Grasslands: Examining Attitudes and Behavioural Intentions

Eilam

Garrard

2017

Sustainability

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“…Some, including friends of dispositions, argue that absences do not exist (Molnar 2000;Mumford and Anjum 2011) and thus can never be effects. Others allow that absences exist but argue that they cannot feature as relata of the causal relation (Kukso 2006).…”

Section: Phenomena That D-causal Principles Cannot Explainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispositions, Causes, Persistence As Is, and General Relativity

Katzav

2013

International Studies in the Philosophy of Science

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I argue that, on a dispositionalist account of causation and indeed on any other view of causation according to which causation is a real relation, general relativity (GR) does not give causal principles a role in explaining phenomena. In doing so, I bring out a surprisingly substantial constraint on adequate views about the explanations and ontology of GR, namely the requirement that such views show how GR can explain motion that is free of disturbing influences.

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“…It is important to realize first that only the last three of the four constraints listed in the quoted excerpt from Molnar (2000) are directly relevant to the problem of finding positive truthmakers for negative truths. The thesis according to which the world is everything that exists [constraint (i)] does not play any immediate role in the problem of finding positive truthmakers for negative truths, the necessity of conceiving truthmakers as things that exist being clearly laid out in thesis (iv).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive truthmakers for negative truths: a solution to Molnar’s problem

Waechter

2016

Philos Stud

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The present paper addresses Molnar's problem (Australas J Philos 78(1): [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] 2000): that of finding positive truthmakers for negative truths. The proposed solution, called (Simple), is to hold truth and falsity to be primitive and positive features of propositions and to take every literal negative truth to be made true by the falsity of the atomic proposition that it embeds. The solution is shown to be compatible with Maximalism, Necessitarianism and with the Entailment Thesis, as well as with most if not all possible variants of truthmaking theory. Other advantages of (Simple) are noted: it doesn't require the inclusion of exotic objects in one's ontology; it doesn't require any revision of one's logic or of one's theory of modality. The solution also allows one to eschew negative facts, tropes and properties while providing a definition of negativity (DefNegativity) for certain literal propositions. The paper ends by rebutting several objections that may be levelled against (Simple).

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Truthmakers for negative truths

Cited by 161 publications

References 10 publications

Perception of Space among Children Studying Their Local Grasslands: Examining Attitudes and Behavioural Intentions

Perception of Space among Children Studying Their Local Grasslands: Examining Attitudes and Behavioural Intentions

Dispositions, Causes, Persistence As Is, and General Relativity

Positive truthmakers for negative truths: a solution to Molnar’s problem

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