Trypanosoma cervi KINGSTON AND MORTON, 1975 FROM MULE DEER, Odocoileus hemionus, IN WYOMING

Matthews, Michael; Kingston, N.; Morton, Jamie

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-13.1.33

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…2010 ); T. pestanai in badgers ( Peirce and Neal 1974 ) spread by fleas ( Lizundia etal. 2011 ); T. nabiasi in rabbits ( Grewal 1957 ), and T. cervi in deer ( Matthews etal. 1977 ) spread by keds ( Bose and Petersen 1991 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri

Kelly

Ivens

Mott

et al. 2017

Genome Biology and Evolution

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There are hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts. The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri

Kelly

Ivens

Mott

et al. 2017

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…Measurements were done on 100 parasite specimens. Terminology adapted by other researchers (Hoare 1972, Matthews et al 1977, Kingston et al 1992) was employed to characterise morphological features of protozoa found in the present study. (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Natural infections of small mammals with blood parasites on the borderland of boreal and temperate forest zones

Karbowiak

Rychlik

Nowakowski³

et al. 2005

Acta Theriol

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N. anomalus. The prevalence and diversity of blood parasites were lower in shrews than small rodents. Totally, 52.0% of bank voles, 50.0% of root voles, 32.5% of common shrews, and 41.2% of Eurasian water shrews were infected with any of the blood parasites. Mixed infections were seldom observed in bank vole (17.3% of investigated individuals) and root vole (14.7%). No animals were infected with three or four parasites simultaneously. Infection of Białowieża small mammals with haemoparasites seemed to be similar to those described in other temperate forest regions rather than boreal ones. Infection rates of rodent species seem to be higher in their typical habitats: for bank vole it was the highest in mixed forest, whereas for root vole in sedge swamp. The results suggest that Microtidae play a greater role than 1956, Lachmajer 1959, Wegner 1959 and helmints (Kisielewska 1963(Kisielewska , 1964(Kisielewska , 1970. The first study of blood parasites were made in mid-1990s only (Karbowiak et al. 2002). Blood parasites of shrews have not been reported from Poland before; however, there are reports from elsewhere (eg Laakkonen 2000).Białowieża Forest is one of the last primeval forest complexes in western and middle Europe. Moreover, it is an especially interesting place for biological investigations due to the geographical location on the borderland of the boreal and temperate forest zones. This fact results in the mix of fauna and flora from both zones (Faliński 1968, Gutowski and Jaroszewicz 2001. For example, among small mammals, masked shrew Sorex caecutiens -a boreal species -reaches its south-western limit in this area, whereas for Mediterranean water shrew Neomys anomalus and bi-coloured white-toothed shrew Crocidura leucodon, Białowieża Forest is the north-eastern boundary (Pucek 1981, MitchellJones et al. 1999. The same can be expected for ecto-and endoparasites of small mammals.A typical taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus, has its western limit in Belarussia and Lithuania, however single findings were noted in Białowieża (Siuda 1993). Therefore, we expected the differences in the structure or biological features of blood parasite fauna in comparison with other parts of Europe.The aims of this study were: (1) To describe the protozoan parasites living in the blood of small rodents and shrews. A mixture of parasitological faunas typical for boreal and temperate forest zones was expected. (2) To compare prevalence and diversity of blood parasites in shrews and rodents. Higher prevalence and diversity were predicted in rodents because they are more social than shrews (Eisenberg 1966, Crook et al. 1976, Rychlik 1998, so more frequent parasite exchange should occur in rodents. (3) To investigate parasite 3 infection levels in different habitats. A higher prevalence was expected in habitats optimal for given species, due to higher densities of conspecifics and thus a higher risk of parasite transmission. Material and methodsOne-week trapping sessions of small rodents and shrews were conducted in four areas: Captu...

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“…To date, reports of elk and WTD sharing trypanosome genotype [12] relied merely on DNA detection, and genuine infections remain to be demonstrated. Reports of T. cervi, originally in an elk [28], and subsequently in a range of deer including WTD, wapitis [28], mule deer [9], moose [10] and reindeer in the USA [8], and in European fallow, roe and red deer [6] must be all molecularly confirmed.…”

Section: Host-parasite-vector Relationships and Evolutionary History mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In North American cervids, Megatrypanum trypanosomes have been reported in caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) [2,3], red deer (Cervus elaphus) [4], roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) [5][6][7], reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) [8], mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) [3,9], moose (Alces alces) [10], white-tailed deer (WTD) (Odocoileus virginianus) and elk (Cervus canadensis) [3,11,12]. In Europe, Megatrypanum trypanosomes have been described in fallow deer (Cervus dama), red deer and roe deer in Germany [6], reindeer and moose in Sweden [13], roe deer in Poland [14], and red deer in Croatia [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) perronei sp. n. in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its deer ked Lipoptena mazamae: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation

García

Blanco

Rodrigues

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The subgenus Megatrypanum comprises trypanosomes of cervids and bovids from around the world. Here, Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer = WTD) and its ectoparasite, the deer ked Lipoptena mazamae (hippoboscid fly), were surveyed for trypanosomes in Venezuela. Results Haemoculturing unveiled 20% infected WTD, while 47% (7/15) of blood samples and 38% (11/29) of ked guts tested positive for the Megatrypanum- specific TthCATL-PCR. CATL and SSU rRNA sequences uncovered a single species of trypanosome. Phylogeny based on SSU rRNA and gGAPDH sequences tightly cluster WTD trypanosomes from Venezuela and the USA, which were strongly supported as geographical variants of the herein described Trypanosoma ( Megatrypanum ) perronei sp. n. In our analyses, T. perronei was closest to T . sp. D30 of fallow deer (Germany), both nested into TthII alongside other trypanosomes of cervids (North American elks and European fallow, red and sika deer), and bovids (cattle, antelopes and sheep). Insights into T. perronei life cycle were obtained from early haemocultures of deer blood and co-culture with mammalian and insect cells showing flagellates resembling Megatrypanum trypanosomes previously reported in deer blood, and deer ked guts. For the first time, a trypanosome from a cervid was cultured and phylogenetically and morphologically (light and electron microscopy) characterised. Conclusions In the analyses based on SSU rRNA, gGAPDH, CATL and ITS rDNA sequences, neither cervids nor bovids trypanosomes were monophyletic but intertwined within TthI and TthII major phylogenetic lineages. One host species can harbour more than one species/genotype of trypanosomes, but each trypanosome species/genotype was found in a single host species or in phylogenetically related hosts. Molecular evidence that L. mazamae may transmit T. perronei suggests important evolutionary constraints making tight the tripartite T. perronei –WTD–deer ked association. In a plausible evolutionary scenario, T. perronei entered South America with North American WTD at the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary following the closure of the Panama Isthmus.

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Trypanosoma cervi KINGSTON AND MORTON, 1975 FROM MULE DEER, Odocoileus hemionus, IN WYOMING

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri

An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri

Natural infections of small mammals with blood parasites on the borderland of boreal and temperate forest zones

Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) perronei sp. n. in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its deer ked Lipoptena mazamae: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation

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