Trypanosoma cruzi circulating among dogs and triatomines in the endemic countryside of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Araújo-Neto, Vicente Toscano de; Honorato, Nathan Ravi Medeiros; Santana, Raniery de Oliveira; Barbosa-Silva, Andressa Noronha; Guedes, Paulo Marcos da Matta; Chiari, Égler; Galvão, Lúcia Maria da Cunha; Câmara, Antônia Claudia Jácome da

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105067

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Interestingly, in this work, we did not find any feeding on dogs, which concurs with other studies [5,15]. However, it has been considered a good sentinel of T. cruzi circulation in our study area; since some authors [43,44] have found that 40% of dogs were infected. This indicates that dogs may get infected by other means, such as orally.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It was also shown that this high prevalence of natural infection is combined with high populational densities of T. brasiliensis in this state if compared to Paraíba [8]. These findings were confirmed by several authors throughout multiples approaches [23,43,44,45,46,47]. Noteworthy, even the populations that fed on cavies were not highly infected in Paraíba state.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Dynamics of food sources, ecotypic distribution and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma brasiliensis from the northeast of Brazil

et al. 2020

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Innovative approaches used to combat Chagas disease transmission tend to combine a set of comprehensive efforts to understand the ecology of local vectors. In this work we identified molecularly the blood meal of 181 Triatoma brasiliensis, distributed in 18 populations (8 sylvatic and 10 peridomestic), which were collected across a range of 240 km (East-West) and 95 km (North-South) in the semi-arid region of northeastern, Brazil. We used the vertebrate mitochondrial gene (cytochrome B) sequencing applied to DNA isolated from bug midgut to identify the insect blood meal sources via the BLAST procedure. The peridomestic populations were classified according to two main hypotheses of site-occupancy for T. brasiliensis: the first says that the infestation is mainly driven by structures that resemble its natural habitat (stony-like ecotopes) and the second assumes that it is associated with key-hosts (rodents and goats). Rodents of the Caviidae family (Galea spixii and Kerodon rupestris) were identified as the key-host of T. brasiliensis, but also the potential Trypanosoma cruzi reservoir-able to connect the sylvatic and domestic T. cruzi cycle. Cats also deserve to be studied better, as potential T. cruzi reservoirs. By modeling the food sources + site-occupancy + T. cruzi natural infection, we identified man-made ecotopes suitable for forming dense triatomine infestations with high rates of T. cruzi natural infection, which may be taken into account for vector control measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Dynamics of food sources, ecotypic distribution and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma brasiliensis from the northeast of Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…However, given the lack of statistical evidence, we suggest the OM is still valid to estimate T. cruzi prevalence if insects are fresh and alive. Vicente and Camara (2019), who identi ed 40% (16/40) of analyzed dogs positive for T. cruzi. These studies underscore the risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans and the need to monitor T. brasiliensis domiciliary infestations to prevent outbreaks -particularly in the Rio do Norte state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-epidemiologic profile of an area of a Chagas disease outbreak: the risk of oral transmissions in the Brazilian northeast

Lara

Lilioso

Valença-Barbosa

et al. 2020

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Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease strongly associated with low socioeconomic status, affecting nearly 8 million people – mainly Latin Americans. The current infection risk is based on acute case reports, most of which are typically associated with oral transmissions. In the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil, serious outbreaks of this transmission type have surged in the last years. One of those occurred in the city of Marcelino Vieira (2016), in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Rural residents of four municipalities surrounding Marcelino Vieira ingested sugar cane juice – which was probably ground with Trypanosoma cruzi infected insects. The structure of domiciliary unities (DUs) in the rural area of Marcelino Vieira was investigated to better understand the factors related to the outbreaks in this region – which was combined with entomological indicators. We found triatomines (mainly Triatoma brasiliensis) in 54% (36/67) of DUs and all rocky outcrops inspected (n = 7). Overall, 26% (119/458) of examined T. brasiliensis were infected by T. cruzi in artificial ecotopes, with almost the same prevalence in the sylvatic environment (23%; 35/154). The local variation in T. cruzi prevalence (variating from 0%-100%) was highly correlated with the presence of some ecotopes where the insects were found; and we identified those linked to high natural triatomine infection prevalence by T. cruzi (mainly wood/tile/brick piles). Ninety-five percent of people interviewed recognized the triatomines and knew the classic route (vector-borne) of transmission of disease. However, only 7.5% admitted knowledge that Chagas disease can also be acquired orally – which poses a risk this transmission route currently recognized. Here, we highlight the physical proximity between humans and infected vector populations as an additional risk factor to oral/vector contaminations, providing recommendations to avoid further outbreaks.

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“…Dogs are a link in the chain between sylvatic and domestic transmission cycles [ 16 – 21 ] and have been described as an important domestic reservoir of T. cruzi in several Latin American countries, including Mexico [ 18 , 22 ], Peru [ 23 ], Venezuela [ 24 ], Costa-Rica [ 25 ], Paraguay [ 19 , 26 ], Bolivia [ 27 ], Argentina [ 21 ], Chile [ 28 ], Ecuador [ 29 ] and Brazil [ 16 , 30 ]. In addition, T. infestans has been reported to have a preference to feed on dog blood than on chicken blood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This preference can be exploited to reduce domestic insect populations by using topical lotions or insecticide-impregnated collars on dogs [ 31 , 32 ]. Triatoma brasiliensis is the most important T. cruzi vector in the semi-arid areas of northeastern Brazil, and domestic dogs are also important reservoirs in these areas [ 16 , 33 ]. Thus, dogs are promising targets for interventions, as preventing their infection also prevents human cases of Chagas disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto®) against Triatoma brasiliensis, a major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazil

et al. 2021

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Background Triatomines are responsible for the vector transmission of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. Triatoma brasiliensis is the main vector of the parasite in Brazil, and dogs are an important reservoir of the parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of fluralaner (Bravecto®) on T. brasiliensis after a blood meal in treated dogs. Methods Healthy mongrel dogs (n = 8) were recruited from the Zoonoses Control Center (ZCC) in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and randomized into two groups, a fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated group (n = 4) and a control group (n = 4). Colony-reared third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of T. brasiliensis nymphs (n = 10) were allowed to feed on dogs from both groups for 30–40 min, once monthly, for up to 12 months. Bug mortality was observed up to 5 days after each blood meal. Results Mortality in triatomines which had a blood meal on fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated dogs was 100% for up to 7 months after treatment, with mortality decreasing to 66.4% after 8 months, 57% after 9 months, 35% after 10 months, 10% after 11 months and 0% after 12 months. The mortality of triatomines that fed on non-treated control dogs was always ≤ 2.5%. Conclusions Our results suggest that fluralaner (Bravecto®) treatment of dogs induces long-term mortality of T. brasiliensis after the blood meal. This is a potential approach to be used to control vector transmission of T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, especially in endemic areas. Graphical Abstract

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Trypanosoma cruzi circulating among dogs and triatomines in the endemic countryside of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Dynamics of food sources, ecotypic distribution and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma brasiliensis from the northeast of Brazil

Dynamics of food sources, ecotypic distribution and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma brasiliensis from the northeast of Brazil

Eco-epidemiologic profile of an area of a Chagas disease outbreak: the risk of oral transmissions in the Brazilian northeast

Insecticidal efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto®) against Triatoma brasiliensis, a major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazil

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