Trypanosoma evansi in three dogs in Iran

Hosseininejad, M.; Shirani, Dariush; Nabian, S; Nassiri, Seyed Mahdi; Mazaheri, Ramin

doi:10.1007/s00580-006-0642-2

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…were not detected in the only PCR-based study on 116 horses, donkeys and mules from six geographical regions in Iran [ 20 ]. Although no study has been conducted to define vectors of T. evansi in the country, reports of natural infections with T. evansi in camels [ 21 ], dogs [ 22 ] and water buffalo [ 23 ] with no history of travel show that non-cyclic transmission occurs.…”

Section: Protozoan Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic diseases of equids in Iran (1931–2020): a literature review

et al. 2020

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Parasitic infections can cause many respiratory, digestive and other diseases and contribute to some performance conditions in equids. However, knowledge on the biodiversity of parasites of equids in Iran is still limited. The present review covers all the information about parasitic diseases of horses, donkeys, mules and wild asses in Iran published as articles in Iranian and international journals, dissertations and congress papers from 1931 to July 2020. Parasites so far described in Iranian equids include species of 9 genera of the Protozoa (Trypanosoma, Giardia, Eimeria, Klossiella, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Neospora, Theileria and Babesia), 50 helminth species from the digestive system (i.e., 2 trematodes, 3 cestodes and 37 nematodes) and from other organs (i.e., Schistosoma turkestanica, Echinococcus granulosus, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, Parafilaria multipapillosa, Setaria equina and 3 Onchocerca spp.). Furthermore, 16 species of hard ticks, 3 mite species causing mange, 2 lice species, and larvae of 4 Gastrophilus species and Hippobosca equina have been reported from equids in Iran. Archeoparasitological findings in coprolites of equids include Fasciola hepatica, Oxyuris equi, Anoplocephala spp. and intestinal strongyles. Parasitic diseases are important issues in terms of animal welfare, economics and public health; however, parasites and parasitic diseases of equines have not received adequate attention compared with ruminants and camels in Iran. The present review highlights the knowledge gaps related to equines about the presence, species, genotypes and subtypes of Neospora hughesi, Sarcocystis spp., Trichinella spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis and microsporidia. Identification of ticks vectoring pathogenic parasites, bacteria and viruses has received little attention, too. The efficacy of common horse wormers also needs to be evaluated systematically.

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Section: Protozoan Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic diseases of equids in Iran (1931–2020): a literature review

et al. 2020

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“…Clinical signs are intermittent fever (39°C–41°C), oedema of the head, including larynx (to be differentiated from rabies), oedema of the abdominal wall and legs, anaemia, weakness, lack of appetite leading to emaciation and, sometime, paresis of the hindquarters; myocarditis has been described and can be fatal, as described in the first record of T. evansi in French Guiana [9]; sexual excitement has also been mentioned. Ocular signs are most often observed in dogs, with conjunctivitis, lachrymation, keratitis, corneal opacity, and/or haemorrhagic signs, which can lead to fibrin deposits in the anterior chamber of the eye (Figure 9); parasites have sometimes been observed in ocular aqueous fluid; these signs can recede after treatment in some instances [111, 136, 152–154]. Most of the cases are related to hunting dogs or dogs living around slaughter houses, which suggests peroral infection; however, seasonal effects have also been recorded [151].…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Origin, History, Distribution, Taxonomy, Morphology, Hosts, and Pathogenic Effects

Desquesnes

Holzmüller

Lai

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

348

327

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Trypanosoma evansi, the agent of “surra,” is a salivarian trypanosome, originating from Africa. It is thought to derive from Trypanosoma brucei by deletion of the maxicircle kinetoplastic DNA (genetic material required for cyclical development in tsetse flies). It is mostly mechanically transmitted by tabanids and stomoxes, initially to camels, in sub-Saharan area. The disease spread from North Africa towards the Middle East, Turkey, India, up to 53° North in Russia, across all South-East Asia, down to Indonesia and the Philippines, and it was also introduced by the conquistadores into Latin America. It can affect a very large range of domestic and wild hosts including camelids, equines, cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs and other carnivores, deer, gazelles, and elephants. It found a new large range of wild and domestic hosts in Latin America, including reservoirs (capybaras) and biological vectors (vampire bats). Surra is a major disease in camels, equines, and dogs, in which it can often be fatal in the absence of treatment, and exhibits nonspecific clinical signs (anaemia, loss of weight, abortion, and death), which are variable from one host and one place to another; however, its immunosuppressive effects interfering with intercurrent diseases or vaccination campaigns might be its most significant and questionable aspect.

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“…Trypanosoma evansi é um protozoário flagelado da seção Salivaria, pertencente à classe Mastigophora e família Trypanosomatidae (JOSHI et al, 2005;COLPO et al, 2005;FRANCISCATO et al, 2007;HOSSEININEJAD et al, 2007), sendo o agente causador da doença conhecido como Mal das Cadeiras em equinos (CONRADO et al, 2005;DOYLE et al, 2007;ZANETTE et al, 2008;Da SILVA et al, 2010). De distribuição geográfica mundial, causa doença significativa em animais de áreas de clima tropical, especialmente África e América Latina (CONRADO et al, 2005), tendo sido descrito infectando equinos, cães, gatos, camelos, bovinos, suínos, búfalos, elefantes, antas, veados, capivaras, quatis, pequenos marsupiais, tatus e o homem (JOSHI et al, 2005;DOYLE et al, 2007;ZANETTE et al, 2008;Da SILVA et al, 2010).…”

unclassified

“…De distribuição geográfica mundial, causa doença significativa em animais de áreas de clima tropical, especialmente África e América Latina (CONRADO et al, 2005), tendo sido descrito infectando equinos, cães, gatos, camelos, bovinos, suínos, búfalos, elefantes, antas, veados, capivaras, quatis, pequenos marsupiais, tatus e o homem (JOSHI et al, 2005;DOYLE et al, 2007;ZANETTE et al, 2008;Da SILVA et al, 2010). Dentre as espécies animais que podem atuar como hospedeiro desse agente infeccioso, HOSSEININEJAD et al (2007) descreveram o cão como uma das espécies mais afetadas, sendo a equina, de acordo com ZANETTE et al (2008), a principal espécie afetada em nosso País. No Brasil, a doença causada por T. evansi pode se apresentar na forma aguda, rapidamente fatal em equinos, camelos e cães não tratados (ZANETTE et al, 2008); ou crônica, afetando principalmente os animais silvestres (FRANCISCATO et al, 2007 (COLPO et al, 2005;CONRADO et al, 2005;ZANETTE et al, 2008;Da SILVA et al, 2010 (2007), durante a fase aguda da doença, os animais podem apresentar febre intermitente, anemia, edema de membros e partes ventrais do corpo, com emagrecimento progressivo, inapetência, fraqueza e perda de pelos.…”

unclassified

“…A literatura consultada relata que sinais clínicos oculares são observados na fase aguda da tripanossomíase aguda, incluindo conjuntivite, cegueira, lacrimejamento e hifema (CONRADO et al, 2005;HOSSEININEJAD et al, 2007;ZANETTE et al, 2008;Da SILVA et al, 2010), que, embora não sejam citados, são sinais compatíveis com uveíte, corroborando o diagnóstico dessa enfermidade.…”

unclassified

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