Trypanosoma evansi: Paraflagellar rod protein 1 and 2 are similar but lack common B cell epitopes

Abdille, Md.H.; Li, Shao Yong; Ding, Jun; Suo, Xun

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2008.08.007

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Moreover, immunisation of mice with paraflagellar rod proteins (PFR) 1 and 2 evidenced trypanolytic properties of the anti-PFR1 and anti-PFR2 sera [204]. …”

Section: Immunosuppressive Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Origin, History, Distribution, Taxonomy, Morphology, Hosts, and Pathogenic Effects

Desquesnes

Holzmüller

Lai

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

348

327

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Trypanosoma evansi, the agent of “surra,” is a salivarian trypanosome, originating from Africa. It is thought to derive from Trypanosoma brucei by deletion of the maxicircle kinetoplastic DNA (genetic material required for cyclical development in tsetse flies). It is mostly mechanically transmitted by tabanids and stomoxes, initially to camels, in sub-Saharan area. The disease spread from North Africa towards the Middle East, Turkey, India, up to 53° North in Russia, across all South-East Asia, down to Indonesia and the Philippines, and it was also introduced by the conquistadores into Latin America. It can affect a very large range of domestic and wild hosts including camelids, equines, cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs and other carnivores, deer, gazelles, and elephants. It found a new large range of wild and domestic hosts in Latin America, including reservoirs (capybaras) and biological vectors (vampire bats). Surra is a major disease in camels, equines, and dogs, in which it can often be fatal in the absence of treatment, and exhibits nonspecific clinical signs (anaemia, loss of weight, abortion, and death), which are variable from one host and one place to another; however, its immunosuppressive effects interfering with intercurrent diseases or vaccination campaigns might be its most significant and questionable aspect.

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“…Moreover, immunisation of mice with paraflagellar rod proteins (PFR) 1 and 2 evidenced trypanolytic properties of the anti-PFR1 and anti-PFR2 sera [204]. …”

Section: Immunosuppressive Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Origin, History, Distribution, Taxonomy, Morphology, Hosts, and Pathogenic Effects

Desquesnes

Holzmüller

Lai

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

348

327

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show abstract

“…In solid phase ELISA, Nb392 binds total lysates of T. evansi STIB 816 and all other T. evansi strains while also recognizing T. brucei AnTat 1.1 strain. This can be attributed to close relatedness of T. evansi and T. brucei species [35] . The signals obtained by using Nb392 on T. evansi strains were significantly different from the signals obtained using an irrelevant nanobody (NbBCII10) while signals using Nb392 on T. congolense and T. vivax protein extracts were not significantly different from the signals obtained by using the irrelevant nanobody on the same lysates, hence considered negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Generation of a Nanobody Targeting the Paraflagellar Rod Protein of Trypanosomes

et al. 2014

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Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites that cause diseases in humans and livestock for which no vaccines are available. Disease eradication requires sensitive diagnostic tools and efficient treatment strategies. Immunodiagnostics based on antigen detection are preferable to antibody detection because the latter cannot differentiate between active infection and cure. Classical monoclonal antibodies are inaccessible to cryptic epitopes (based on their size-150 kDa), costly to produce and require cold chain maintenance, a condition that is difficult to achieve in trypanosomiasis endemic regions, which are mostly rural. Nanobodies are recombinant, heat-stable, small-sized (15 kDa), antigen-specific, single-domain, variable fragments derived from heavy chain-only antibodies in camelids. Because of numerous advantages over classical antibodies, we investigated the use of nanobodies for the targeting of trypanosome-specific antigens and diagnostic potential. An alpaca was immunized using lysates of Trypanosoma evansi. Using phage display and bio-panning techniques, a cross-reactive nanobody (Nb392) targeting all trypanosome species and isolates tested was selected. Imunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry assays were combined to identify the target recognized. Nb392 targets paraflagellar rod protein (PFR1) of T. evansi, T. brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax. Two different RNAi mutants with defective PFR assembly (PFR2RNAi and KIF9BRNAi) were used to confirm its specificity. In conclusion, using a complex protein mixture for alpaca immunization, we generated a highly specific nanobody (Nb392) that targets a conserved trypanosome protein, i.e., PFR1 in the flagella of trypanosomes. Nb392 is an excellent marker for the PFR and can be useful in the diagnosis of trypanosomiasis. In addition, as demonstrated, Nb392 can be a useful research or PFR protein isolation tool.

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“…The PFR, a unique attribute of kinetoplastids, is essential for motility and cell viability ( Koyfman et al, 2011 , Portman and Gull, 2010 , Ralston and Hill, 2008 ). PFR proteins are considered potential drug targets and excellent vaccines candidates due to their high sequence conservation between kinetoplastid parasites and lack of human and livestock animal near orthologues ( Abdille et al, 2008 , Clark et al, 2005 , Morell et al, 2006 ). Their potential as vaccine candidates has been demonstrated by immunization of hamsters with Leishmania mexicana PFR2 which resulted in delayed appearance of cutaneous lesions and significant reductions in lesion size ( Saravia et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma vivax infection in sheep: Different patterns of virulence and pathogenicity associated with differentially expressed proteomes

Ramirez-Barrios

Reyna-Bello

Parra

et al. 2019

Veterinary Parasitology

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Highlights Trypanosoma vivax strains exhibit different virulence and pathogenicity patterns. TvMT1 strain showed low virulence and high pathogenicity. TvLIEM176 strain showed high virulence and moderate pathogenicity. Protein expression varies in high virulence/moderate pathogenicity strain vs low virulence/high pathogenicity strain.

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Trypanosoma evansi: Paraflagellar rod protein 1 and 2 are similar but lack common B cell epitopes

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Origin, History, Distribution, Taxonomy, Morphology, Hosts, and Pathogenic Effects

Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Origin, History, Distribution, Taxonomy, Morphology, Hosts, and Pathogenic Effects

Generation of a Nanobody Targeting the Paraflagellar Rod Protein of Trypanosomes

Trypanosoma vivax infection in sheep: Different patterns of virulence and pathogenicity associated with differentially expressed proteomes

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