Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense: identification of two karyotypic groups.

Majiwa, Phelix A.O.; Masake, R.A.; Nantulya, V.M.; Hamers, R.; Matthyssens, G

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04081.x

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The Kenya Coast group being so clearly genetically separate from the rest (Majiwa et al 1985(Majiwa et al , 1986) may be a taxonomically distinct group (Gashumba, 1986). This group is quite unrelated to T. simiae, as demonstrated by isoenzyme analysis of two stocks of T. simiae isolated from the same area (Gashumba, Gibson & Opiyo, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thus they had a group consisting of stocks originating from the humid regions of West Africa, and another group of stocks originating from the savanna zone of Africa. More recently, Majiwa, Masake, Nantulya, Hamers & Matthyssens (1985) and Majiwa, Hamers, Van Meirvenne & Matthyssens (1986) have shown by DNA analysis that some T. congolense stocks from the Kenya coast were distinct from other stocks of this species, which parallels the enzymic separation of stocks of similar origin by Gashumba (1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Trypanosoma congolense: the distribution of enzymic variants in East and West Africa

1988

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A total of 114 stocks of Trypanosoma congolense originating from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia and Sudan, but including, for comparison, stocks from The Gambia, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroun, were compared by isoenzyme electrophoresis for 6 enzymes. The zymodemes were grouped, both from a dendrogram and using a cladistic method, after calculating the dissimilarity, or distance, between profiles. Previous observations are broadly confirmed, the zymodemes clustering separately according to geographical origin and ecological zone. Thus, one group was composed almost entirely of East African stocks, and another of stocks from both East and West Africa, although each group was of savanna origin. A third group was composed of stocks from the humid, rain-forest zones of West Africa, and was particularly characterized by isoenzyme variants of superoxide dismutase and glucose-phosphate isomerase. Two stocks from the Kenyan coast formed a markedly separate group, which may be taxonomically distinct.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Trypanosoma congolense: the distribution of enzymic variants in East and West Africa

1988

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“…We describe in this report the identification of a 369 bp repetitive element in T. congolense that constitutes an estimated 5 % of the nuclear DNA. This family of repeats may be the same as the 370 bp repeats of T. congolense DNA mentioned previously (Majiwa et al 1985;Kukla et al 1987;Gibson et al 1988), but for which no sequence information was given. We have not examined the chromosomal location of these 369 bp repeats but their abundance suggests that they belong to the same class of repetitive DNAs as the major repetitive sequences in T. cruzi and T. b. brucei.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Detection ofTrypanosoma congolenseandTrypanosoma bruceisubspecies by DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction

et al. 1989

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The nuclear DNA of Trypanosoma congolense contains a family of highly conserved 369 base pair (bp) repeats. The sequences of three cloned copies of these repeats were determined. An unrelated family of 177 bp repeats has previously been shown to occur in the nuclear DNA of Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Sloof et al. 1983a). Oligonucleotides were synthesized which prime the specific amplification of each of these repetitive DNAs by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification of 10% of the DNA in a single parasite of T. congolense or T. brucei spp. produced sufficient amplified product to be visible as a band in an agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. This level of detection, which does not depend on the use of radioactivity, is about 100 times more sensitive than previous detection methods based on radioactive DNA probes. The oligonucleotides did not prime the amplification of DNA sequences in other trypanosome species nor in Leishmania, mouse or human DNAs. Amplification of DNA from the blood of animals infected with T. congolense and/or T. brucei spp. permitted the identification of parasite levels far below that detectable by microscopic inspection. Since PCR amplification can be conducted on a large number of samples simultaneously, it is ideally suited for large-scale studies on the prevalence of African trypanosomes in both mammalian blood and insect vectors.

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“…So far, T. ( N . ) congolense belonging to the Kenya coast group has been observed exclusively in the humid coastal region of Kenya (Majiwa et al 1985;Gashumba 1986; Knowles et al 1988). The most widespread group in the area is T. ( N . )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleeping sickness in Zaire: a nested polymerase chain reaction improves the identification of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei gambiense by specific kinetoplast DNA probes

Schares¹,

Mehlitz²

1996

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryBlood samples coliected in the sleeping sickness focus of Boma, Zaire, from human patients and domestic animals were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of trypanosome DNA. The comparison of PCR and miniature anion exchange centrifugation technique (m-AECT) results clearly shows that in domestic animals mixed infections (Trypanozoon/Trypanosoma [Nannomonas] congolense) are more frequently diagnosed by PCR than by m-AECT. Trypanozoon positive blood samples were further analysed for Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei gambiense. For that purpose amplified minicircle kinetoplast DNA (minicircle kDNA) was differentiated in gambiense and non-gambiense by hybridization with DNA probes. To analyse blood samples, especially those with low parasite numbers, the amplification step had to be improved by a nested PCR. Subsequent hybridization was done with kDNA probes generated by PCR from blood samples which had been obtained from a human patient infected with T. (T.) b. gambiense and a pig infected with Trypanozoon. The hybridization results clearly show that at least two genotypes of Trypanozoon parasites occur in the sleeping sickness focus of Boma, Bas-Zaire. One obviously corresponds to T. (T.) b. gambiense and was present in humans and two domestic animals (pig, dog). The other genotype seems to be associated with T. (T.) 6. brucei and could be detected only in the blood of domestic animals. This is the first time that field samples could be analysed by a technique which facilitates the molecular identification of T. (T. j b. gambiense without prior cloning, propagation, and/or isolation of the parasites. Therefore, this technique seems to be a promising tool to elucidate the significance of the animal reservoir for the epidemiology of the gambiense sleeping sickness in Africa.

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Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense: identification of two karyotypic groups.

Cited by 67 publications

References 27 publications

Trypanosoma congolense: the distribution of enzymic variants in East and West Africa

Trypanosoma congolense: the distribution of enzymic variants in East and West Africa

Detection ofTrypanosoma congolenseandTrypanosoma bruceisubspecies by DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction

Sleeping sickness in Zaire: a nested polymerase chain reaction improves the identification of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei gambiense by specific kinetoplast DNA probes

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