Trypanosomoses humaines et animales: maladie du sommeil et Nagana

Authié, Édith; Bringaud, Frédéric; Bakalara, Norbert; Tétaud, Emmanuel; Baltz, Théo

doi:10.1016/s0924-4204(99)80021-3

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Our study is in consonant with study conducted in western Kenya [16] were T. vivax was found the most prevalent species. The high prevalence of T. vivax is consistence with other findings in domestic animals [10] [17] and may result from the level of pathogenicity of this trypanosome, which is generally low and better controlled by animals [18]. The lower prevalence of T. congolense with respect to T. vivax in animals may result from higher parasitemia in T. congolense infections, accompanied by serious anaemia, which leads to the rapid death of animals [19] [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of <i>Trypanosoma</i> Species in Cattle from a Northern Livestock Area in Côte d’Ivoire

Kouadio¹,

Sokouri²,

Koffi³

et al. 2014

OJVM

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Background: African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) is caused mainly by Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, and T. brucei brucei and is the major constraint for livestock productivity in Sub-Saharan African countries. Information about animal trypanosomiasis status in Ivory Coast is missing, especially regarding molecular epidemiology. Therefore, this study intended to apply molecular tools to identify and characterize trypanosomes in Ivory Coast for sustainable control. Methods: 363 cattle blood samples were collected from Ferkessedougou Region in northern Ivory Coast in 2012. Buffy coat technique (BCT) and species-specific PCR assays were used to detect trypanosome species. Results: Out of 363 cattle examined with BCT, 33 were found positive with all trypanosomes species accounting for an average of 9.09% prevalence whereas polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers showed that 81 out of 363 cattle were infected with trypanosomes with an overall prevalence of 22.31%. Trypanosoma congolense savanah type, T. Vivax and T. brucei sl. accounted for 28.39%, 49.38% and 23.45% of the infection rate respectively. No infection with T. congo forest type was detected. T. vivax infection was the most prevalence in the area investigated compared to the two other trypanosome species. Mixed infections with different trypanosomes species were detected accounting for 7.32% of prevalence. Regarding sexrelated prevalence, male cattles were slightly more infected than female but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Our results showed that there was a high prevalence of AAT in livestock in Ferkessedougou Area. There is therefore a need to strengthen control policies and institute measures that help prevent the spread of the parasites for sustainable control of animal trypanosome in this area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of <i>Trypanosoma</i> Species in Cattle from a Northern Livestock Area in Côte d’Ivoire

Kouadio¹,

Sokouri²,

Koffi³

et al. 2014

OJVM

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“…The high prevalence of T. vivax corroborates other findings in domestic animals [ 25 ] as well as wild animals [ 20 , 26 , 27 ]. This may result from the level of pathogenicity of this trypanosome, which is generally low and better controlled by animals [ 28 ], and/or from the mechanical transmission, which has been reported in T. vivax, T. evansi and to a certain extent T. congolense [ 29 ] . The lower prevalence of T. congolense with respect to T. vivax in animals may result from higher parasitemia in T. congolense infections, accompanied by serious anaemia, which leads to the rapid death of the host animal [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiological studies on animal trypanosomiases in Ghana

et al. 2012

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BackgroundAfrican trypanosomes are extracellular protozoan parasites that are transmitted between mammalian hosts by the bite of an infected tsetse fly. Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense or T. brucei gambiense, while African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is caused mainly by T. vivax, T. congolense, T. simiae,T. evansi and T. brucei brucei. Trypanosomiasis is of public health importance in humans and is also the major constraint for livestock productivity in sub-Saharan African countries. Scanty information exists about the trypanosomiasis status in Ghana especially regarding molecular epidemiology. Therefore, this study intended to apply molecular tools to identify and characterize trypanosomes in Ghana.MethodsA total of 219 tsetse flies, 248 pigs and 146 cattle blood samples were collected from Adidome and Koforidua regions in Ghana in 2010. Initial PCR assays were conducted using the internal transcribed spacer one (ITS1) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) primers, which can detect most of the pathogenic trypanosome species and T. vivax-specific cathepsin L-like gene primers. In addition, species- or subgroup-specific PCRs were performed for T. b. rhodesiense, T. b. gambiense, T. evansi and three subgroups of T. congolense.ResultsThe overall prevalence of trypanosomes were 17.4% (38/219), 57.5% (84/146) and 28.6% (71/248) in tsetse flies, cattle and pigs, respectively. T. congolense subgroup-specific PCR revealed that T. congolense Savannah (52.6%) and T. congolense Forest (66.0%) were the endemic subgroups in Ghana with 18.6% being mixed infections. T. evansi was detected in a single tsetse fly. Human infective trypanosomes were not detected in the tested samples.ConclusionOur results showed that there is a high prevalence of parasites in both tsetse flies and livestock in the study areas in Ghana. This enhances the need to strengthen control policies and institute measures that help prevent the spread of the parasites.

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“…T. vivax was the most prevalent species in Lambwe Valley because it can be transmitted via cyclic and mechanical transmission and has a simple lifecycle [ 63 – 66 ]. T. congolense was also a common species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of African Animal Trypanosomiasis in Cattle in Lambwe, Kenya

Okello

Mafie

Eastwood

et al. 2022

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Background. African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) affects livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine cattle AAT’s prevalence and associated risk factors in Lambwe Valley, Kenya. Methods. In a cross-sectional survey, livestock owners were recruited from four villages of Lambwe in Homa Bay, Kenya. Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of cattle, and buffy coat smears were examined under a microscope. Parasites were further detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using a semistructured questionnaire, livestock owners were interviewed on their knowledge of AAT and control practices. Chi-square and multilevel models were used for the analysis. Results. The overall prevalence was 15.63% (71/454). Trypanosoma vivax 10.31% and T. congolense Savannah 6.01% were the common species and subspecies. A total of 61 livestock keepers were involved in the study. Of these, 91.80% (56/61) knew AAT, and 90.16% (55/61) could describe the symptoms well and knew tsetse fly bite as transmission mode. Self-treatment (54.09%; 33/61) was common, with up to 50.00% of the farmers using drugs frequently. Isometamidium (72.13%; 44/61) and diminazene (54.09%; 33/61) were drugs frequently used. Although 16.39% (10/61) of the farmers claimed to use chemoprophylactic treatment, 6/10 did not use the right drugs. Animals (92.1%; 58/63) with clinical signs had positive infections. Villages closer to the national park recorded a higher prevalence. Infections were higher in cattle owned by those self-treating (27.23%; 58/213), those using drug treatment without vector control (27.62%; 50/181), those using single-drug therapy, and those practicing communal grazing (20.00%; 59/295). Clinical signs strongly associate with positive infections under multilevel modeling. Conclusion. Cattle trypanosomiasis is prevalent in the Lambwe region of Kenya. This is influenced by inappropriate control practices, communal grazing, and the proximity of farms to the national park. In addition, clinical signs of the disease have a strong association with infections.

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Trypanosomoses humaines et animales: maladie du sommeil et Nagana

Cited by 12 publications

References 169 publications

Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of <i>Trypanosoma</i> Species in Cattle from a Northern Livestock Area in Côte d’Ivoire

Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of <i>Trypanosoma</i> Species in Cattle from a Northern Livestock Area in Côte d’Ivoire

Molecular epidemiological studies on animal trypanosomiases in Ghana

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of African Animal Trypanosomiasis in Cattle in Lambwe, Kenya

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Trypanosomoses humaines et animales: maladie du sommeil et Nagana

Cited by 12 publications

References 169 publications

Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma&lt;/i&gt; Species in Cattle from a Northern Livestock Area in C&#244;te d’Ivoire

Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma&lt;/i&gt; Species in Cattle from a Northern Livestock Area in C&#244;te d’Ivoire

Molecular epidemiological studies on animal trypanosomiases in Ghana

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of African Animal Trypanosomiasis in Cattle in Lambwe, Kenya

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Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of <i>Trypanosoma</i> Species in Cattle from a Northern Livestock Area in Côte d’Ivoire

Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of <i>Trypanosoma</i> Species in Cattle from a Northern Livestock Area in Côte d’Ivoire