Trypsin/Zn3(PO4)2 Hybrid Nanoflowers: Controlled Synthesis and Excellent Performance as an Immobilized Enzyme

Abstract

Immobilized enzymes are a significant technological approach to retain enzyme activity and reduce enzyme catalytic cost. In this work, trypsin-incorporated Zn3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers were prepared via mild precipitation and coordination reactions. The controllable preparation of hybrid nanoflowers was achieved by systematically investigating the effects of the raw-material ratio, material concentration and reaction temperature on product morphology and physicochemical properties. The enzyme content of hybrid nanoflowers was about 6.5%, and the maximum specific surface area reached 68.35 m2/g. The hybrid nanoflowers exhibit excellent catalytic activity and environmental tolerance compared to free trypsin, which was attributed to the orderly accumulation of nanosheets and proper anchoring formation. Further, the enzyme activity retention rate was still higher than 80% after 12 repeated uses. Therefore, trypsin/Zn3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers—which combine functionalities of excellent heat resistance, storage stability and reusability—exhibit potential industrial application prospects.

The Formation of D-Allulose 3-Epimerase Hybrid Nanoflowers and Co-Immobilization on Resins for Improved Enzyme Activity, Stability, and Processability

“…In the present study, most of the NF-DAEs improved the thermal stability of the enzyme, and similar results have been reported in previous studies [ 33 , 37 ]. This result may be related to the structure of the hybrid nanoflower, where the interaction between the organic and inorganic components provides a better secondary structure [ 38 ] that protects the immobilized enzyme at higher temperatures.…”

“…This result may be related to the structure of the hybrid nanoflower, where the interaction between the organic and inorganic components provides a better secondary structure [38] that protects the immobilized enzyme at higher temperatures. In the present study, most of the NF-DAEs improved the thermal stability of the enzyme, and similar results have been reported in previous studies [33,37]. This result may be related to the structure of the hybrid nanoflower, where the interaction between the organic and inorganic components provides a better secondary structure [38] that protects the immobilized enzyme at higher temperatures.…”

Preparation of Alcohol Dehydrogenase–Zinc Phosphate Hybrid Nanoflowers through Biomimetic Mineralization and Its Application in the Inhibitor Screening

“…The magnetic stirring equipment used in this experiment cannot be temperature controlled and the room temperature was about 25 °C during the synthesis, the effect of different temperatures on the preparation of nanoflowers is not considered here. Furthermore, according to the previous reports [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], phosphate organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers are usually fully formed within 6 h, therefore, 6 h was used firstly as the time to immobilize ADH. The reproducibility of the immobilized enzyme can be used to appraise whether the immobilization method is stable and reliable.…”

Role of pretty nanoflowers as novel versatile analytical tools for sensing in biomedical and bioanalytical applications

“…34,35 The formation of hNFs is influenced by certain experimental parameters such as the concentration of organic and inorganic components, pHs, temperature and incubation time. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] The formation of hNFs depends on pHs of reaction environments which is in charge of the electrostatic interaction or between enzyme molecules and enzyme and metal ion. 36 When the pH was below or above the isoelectric point (pI) of the enzyme, the formation of hNFs was hampered by the repulsion between positively or negatively charged enzyme molecules.…”

“…The reason is that high temperature triggered the rapid formation and assembly of nanopetals and reduced the thickness of the nanopetal layer. [38][39][40] Although Cu 2þ ion is widely used as an inorganic component in the synthesis of hNFs, different types of metal ions such as Ca 2þ , Co 2þ , Mn 2þ can be used to…”