Tryptophan and Its Metabolites in Lung Cancer: Basic Functions and Clinical Significance

Li, Chenwei; Zhao, Hui

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.707277

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…The peak of 1004 cm −1 was ascribed to phenylalanine as a biomarker for lung cancer, whose aberrant metabolism may produce content changes [ 22 , 28 , 37 ]. The peaks at 1335 cm −1 and 1582 cm −1 were found to be tryptophan [ 28 ], and its relative SERS intensity was higher in the benign group but decreased in the malignant group, as shown in the previous finding [ 38 , 39 ]. Although the averaged spectra of the two patient groups differed little, there was still sufficient information which was worth for systematically analyzing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in the Screening of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Nodules

Peng

Yan

Lin

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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This study is aimed at evaluating the feasibility of a screening method for the pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Objective. Using SERS to measure serum from pulmonary nodules and healthy subjects, intraoperative biopsy pathological diagnosis was regarded as the gold standard for labeling serum samples. To explore the application value of SERS in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules, benign nodules, and healthy, we build a machine learning model. Method. We collected 116 serum samples from patients. Radiographically confirmed nodules less than 3 cm in maximum diameter in all patients, including 58 cancer (pathologic diagnosis: adenocarcinoma nodules, labeled as cancer) patients, 58 pathologic diagnoses as benign nodule (labeled as benign) patients, and 63 healthy (labeled as normal) people from the clinical laboratory of Sichuan Cancer Hospital. Gold nanorods were employed as SERS substrates. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify the normal, benign, and cancer sample groups, and SVM model evaluated using cross-validation. Results. The average SERS spectra of serum were significantly different between the normal group and the cancer/benign group. While the average SERS spectra of the cancer group and the benign group differed slightly, for the cancer, benign, and normal groups, SVM models can predict with 93.33% accuracy. Conclusion. This exploratory study demonstrates that the SERS technique based on nanoparticles in conjunction with SVM has great potential as a clinical auxiliary diagnosis and screening for pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in the Screening of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Nodules

Peng

Yan

Lin

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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“… 37 In fact, increased expression and activity of tryptophan-metabolizing enzymes in BCa patients can promote tryptophan metabolism, thus decreasing its circulating levels. 37 , 38 Also, enhanced consumption of tryptophan by tumor cells in synthesizing cellular protein and formatting cytoskeleton contribute to its decrease in circulation. 38 Similarly, it has been reported that circulating tryptophan levels also decrease in patients with lung, gastric, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer, which suggests that abnormal tryptophan metabolism could be a symbolic hallmark of malignancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 37 , 38 Also, enhanced consumption of tryptophan by tumor cells in synthesizing cellular protein and formatting cytoskeleton contribute to its decrease in circulation. 38 Similarly, it has been reported that circulating tryptophan levels also decrease in patients with lung, gastric, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer, which suggests that abnormal tryptophan metabolism could be a symbolic hallmark of malignancy. 39 And SERS could rapidly reveal levels of tryptophan metabolites in plasma and assist in prediction of BCa progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Pretreated Plasma Samples Predicts Disease Recurrence in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radical Cystectomy

Qian¹,

Wang²,

Ma³

et al. 2022

IJN

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Objective To explore the value of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of pretreated plasma samples in prediction of bladder cancer (BCa) recurrence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC). Patients and Methods SERS was used to analyze plasma samples collected before biopsy and treatment in BCa patients undergoing NAC and RC. The value of clinicopathological parameters and distinctive SERS peaks in the prediction of disease recurrence were analyzed in Cox regression proportional hazard analysis and Log rank test. Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) were employed to process spectral data and construct diagnostic algorithms. Results A total of 88 patients with 440 plasma SERS spectra were collected. The SRES spectra from recurrent patients were compared with patients who remained recurrence free. The SERS demonstrated higher levels of circulating free nucleic acid components in recurrent population, which is represented by significantly higher intensities at SERS peaks of 725 cm −1 , 1328 cm −1 and 1455 cm −1 . The SERS also detected significantly lower levels of tryptophan shown as lower significantly intensities at the 1558 cm −1 , which is proved to be an independent predictor of BCa recurrence. The addition of SERS peaks of 1558 cm −1 to classic clinicopathological predictors including pathological tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and pathological downstaging can significantly enhance the power of the predictive model from 0.66 to 0.76 in the area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Meanwhile, the PCA-LDA diagnostic model based on SERS spectra reveals a high accuracy of 85.2% in prediction of disease recurrence and the AUC of 0.92 in the ROC curve. When validated in the leave-one-out cross-validation method, the accuracy of the model remained 84.1%. Conclusion We show that SERS analysis of plasma before NAC treatment can accurately classify patients with different risks of disease recurrence after surgery and improve the power of clinicopathological predictive models, thus refining clinical decision-making.

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“…Tryptophan (Trp) depletion and kynurenine (Kyn) production promote immunosuppression in different tumor types ( 1 , 2 ). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the essential amino acid Trp catabolism and degrades Trp along a pathway known as the Kyn pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Malignant Tumor

Song

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Tumorigenesis is a complex multifactorial and multistep process in which tumors can utilize a diverse repertoire of immunosuppressive mechanisms to evade host immune attacks. The degradation of tryptophan into immunosuppressive kynurenine is considered an important immunosuppressive mechanism in the tumor microenvironment. There are three enzymes, namely, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), involved in the metabolism of tryptophan. IDO1 has a wider distribution and higher activity in catalyzing tryptophan than the other two; therefore, it has been studied most extensively. IDO1 is a cytosolic monomeric, heme-containing enzyme, which is now considered an authentic immune regulator and represents one of the promising drug targets for tumor immunotherapy. Collectively, this review highlights the regulation of IDO1 gene expression and the ambivalent mechanisms of IDO1 on the antitumoral immune response. Further, new therapeutic targets via the regulation of IDO1 are discussed. A comprehensive analysis of the expression and biological function of IDO1 can help us to understand the therapeutic strategies of the inhibitors targeting IDO1 in malignant tumors.

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Tryptophan and Its Metabolites in Lung Cancer: Basic Functions and Clinical Significance

Cited by 20 publications

References 116 publications

Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in the Screening of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Nodules

Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in the Screening of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Nodules

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Pretreated Plasma Samples Predicts Disease Recurrence in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radical Cystectomy

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Malignant Tumor

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